About the Authors

Philip Bejon

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pbejon@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

James A Berkley

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Tabitha Mwangi

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Edna Ogada

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Isaiah Mwangi

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Kathryn Maitland

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom , Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Thomas Williams

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Department of Paediatrics, The John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

J. Anthony G Scott

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mike English

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, The John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom , Nairobi KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Brett S Lowe

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Norbert Peshu

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Charles R. J. C Newton

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Kevin Marsh

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)–Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya , Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

The manuscript was written by P. Bejon, J. Berkley, C. Newton, and K. Marsh. Laboratory studies were conducted by B. Lowe. Clinical support was given by T. Mwangi, I. Mwangi, K. Maitland, J. Scott, M. English, N. Peshu, and C. Newton. Inpatient data were collected by K. Maitland, J. Scott, M. English, C. Newton, and K. Marsh. Outpatient data were collected by T. Mwangi, E. Ogada, and T. Williams. P. Bejon analysed the data. K. Maitland, J. Scott, and C. Newton contributed to interpretation of the results. All authors approved the final manuscript. P. Bejon had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.