About the Authors

Anthony E Civitarese

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: CivitaAE@pbrc.edu

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Stacy Carling

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Leonie K Heilbronn

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Mathew H Hulver

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Barbara Ukropcova

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Walter A Deutsch

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Steven R Smith

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Eric Ravussin

Affiliation Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

AEC, LKH, SRS, and ER designed the study and AEC analyzed the data. AEC, SC, MHH, BU, and WAD performed molecular experiments. ER and the Pennington CALERIE team were responsible for recruitment of study participants. AEC, SC, SRS, and ER contributed to writing the paper.