About the Authors

Mihai G Netea

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: M.Netea@aig.umcn.nl

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America , Nijmegen University Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Tania Azam

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Eli C Lewis

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Leo A. B Joosten

Affiliation Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Maorong Wang

Affiliation Division of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Dennis Langenberg

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

Xianzhong Meng

Affiliation Division of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Edward D Chan

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Do-Young Yoon

Affiliation Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea

Tom Ottenhoff

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

Soo-Hyun Kim

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America , Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea

Charles A Dinarello

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MGN, DL, TO, SHK, and CAD designed the study. TA, ECL, LABJ, MW, DL, and XM collected data or did experiments for the study. TA helped generate recombinant IL-32. LABJ participated in IL-32 expression of PBMCs after exposure to LPS and MTB. MW participated in the immunocytochemistry for IL-32 staining in PBMCs treated with different stimuli and took the picture. DL provided the necessary mycobacterial stimulating components and help in using them in the experiments. DYY prepared anti-IL-32 antibodies. CAD developed the assays also. EDC participated in intellectual input and discussions with MGN. MGN, XM, TO, SHK, and CAD analyzed the data. MGN, EDC, TO, and CAD contributed to writing the paper.