About the Authors

David Wendler

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dwendler@nih.gov

Affiliation Department of Clinical Bioethics, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Raynard Kington

Affiliation Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jennifer Madans

Affiliation National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America

Gretchen Van Wye

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Heidi Christ-Schmidt

Affiliation Statistics Collaborative, Washington, D. C., United States of America

Laura A Pratt

Affiliation National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America

Otis W Brawley

Affiliation Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Cary P Gross

Affiliation Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Ezekiel Emanuel

Affiliation Department of Clinical Bioethics, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

DW, RK, and EE designed the study. DW, JM, GV, HC, LAP, CPG, and EE analyzed the data. DW, RK, JM, GV, HC, LAP, OWB, CPG, and EE contributed to writing the paper.