About the Authors

Robert F. Hillary

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Daniel L. McCartney

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Hannah M. Smith

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Elena Bernabeu

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Danni A. Gadd

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Aleksandra D. Chybowska

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Yipeng Cheng

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Lee Murphy

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Nicola Wrobel

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Archie Campbell

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Rosie M. Walker

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Caroline Hayward

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Kathryn L. Evans

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew M. McIntosh

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Riccardo E. Marioni

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

riccardo.marioni@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: RFH has received speaker fees from Illumina and acts as a scientific consultant to Optima Partners. DAG acts as a scientific consultant for Optima Partners. LM has received speaker and consultancy fees from Illumina. AMM has received research support from Eli Lilly, Janssen, and the Sackler Foundation. AMM has also received speaker fees from Illumina and Janssen and consulting fees. REM has received a speaker fee from Illumina and is an advisor to the Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation and Optima Partners.