How well do you know your mutation? Complex effects of genetic background on expressivity, complementation, and ordering of allelic effects

• Christopher H. Chandler ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher H. Chandler, Sudarshan Chari

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Sudarshan Chari ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher H. Chandler, Sudarshan Chari

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Alycia Kowalski,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-555X

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• Lin Choi,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• David Tack,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Current address: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-5288

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• Michael DeNieu,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• William Pitchers,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0385-5939

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• Anne Sonnenschein,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Schmid College of Science and Technology; Biological Sciences Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Leslie Marvin,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-7685

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• Kristen Hummel,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Christian Marier,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Andrew Victory,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Center for Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Cody Porter,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Anna Mammel,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration

  Current address: Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Julie Holms,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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• Gayatri Sivaratnam,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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•  [ ... ],
• Ian Dworkin

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: dworkin@mcmaster.ca

  Affiliations Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-287X

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