About the Authors

Nicolas Arning

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Nicolas.arning@bdi.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Big Data institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Old Road Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom

Samuel K. Sheppard

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Milner Centre of Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom

Sion Bayliss

Roles Data curation

Affiliation The Milner Centre of Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom

David A. Clifton

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China

Daniel J. Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Big Data institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Old Road Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: DAC declares grants from GlaxoSmithKline and personal fees from Oxford University Innovation, Biobeats, and Sensyne Health, in areas unrelated to this work.