About the Authors

Lasse Folkersen

Affiliations Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Eric Fauman

Affiliation Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Maria Sabater-Lleal

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Rona J. Strawbridge

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Mattias Frånberg

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Bengt Sennblad

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Damiano Baldassarre

Affiliations Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Fabrizio Veglia

Affiliation Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Steve E. Humphries

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College of London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, London, United Kingdom

Rainer Rauramaa

Affiliation Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

Ulf de Faire

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Andries J. Smit

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Philippe Giral

Affiliation Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris; Service Endocrinologie-Metabolisme, Groupe Hôpitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Unités de Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Paris, France

Sudhir Kurl

Affiliation Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland

Elmo Mannarino

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Stefan Enroth

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Åsa Johansson

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Sofia Bosdotter Enroth

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

Stefan Gustafsson

Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Lars Lind

Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Cecilia Lindgren

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew P. Morris

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Vilmantas Giedraitis

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Angela Silveira

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anders Franco-Cereceda

Affiliation Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Elena Tremoli

Affiliations Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

IMPROVE study group

Membership of the IMPROVE study group is provided in S1 Text.

Ulf Gyllensten

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Erik Ingelsson

Affiliations Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Søren Brunak

Affiliation Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Per Eriksson

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Daniel Ziemek

Affiliation Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anders Hamsten

Affiliation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anders Mälarstig

anders.malarstig@ki.se

Affiliations Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

Ulf Gyllensten and Stefan Enroth are authors on a patent application entitled ‘‘Determination and analysis of Biomarkers in clinical samples’’; United Kingdom Patent Application Nos. 1414913.2 and 1410956.5 (2014, Pending). Anders Mälarstig, Eric Fauman, and Daniel Ziemek are employees of Pfizer.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: AH AM DZ EF LF MSL PE RJS. Data curation: AFC AH AJS AM APM AS BS CL DB DZ EF EI EM ET FV LL MF MSL PE PG RJS RR SB SBE SE SEH SG SK UdF UG VG ÅJ. Formal analysis: AM DZ EF LF MSL RJS. Funding acquisition: AFC AH AJS AM APM AS BS CL DB EF EI EM ET FV LL MF MSL PE PG RJS RR SB SBE SEH SG SK UdF UG VG ÅJ. Investigation: AFC AH AJS AM APM AS BS CL DB DZ EF EI EM ET FV LF LL MF MSL PE PG RJS RR SB SBE SE SEH SG SK UdF UG VG ÅJ. Methodology: AM DZ EF LF MSL RJS. Project administration: AM. Resources: AFC AH AJS AM APM AS BS CL DB DZ EF EI EM ET FV LL MF MSL PE PG RJS RR SB SBE SE SEH SG SK UdF UG VG ÅJ. Software: LF. Supervision: AM PE SB. Validation: APM CL EI LL SBE SE SG UG VG ÅJ. Visualization: LF. Writing – original draft: AM DZ EF LF MSL RJS. Writing – review & editing: AH AM DZ EF EI LF MSL PE RJS SB SE SG.