About the Authors

Mark de Been

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark de Been, Val F. Lanza

M.deBeen-2@umcutrecht.nl (MdB); fernando.cruz@unican.es (FdlC)

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Val F. Lanza

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark de Been, Val F. Lanza

Affiliation Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-Sodercan-CSIC, Santander, Spain

María de Toro

Affiliation Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-Sodercan-CSIC, Santander, Spain

Jelle Scharringa

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Wietske Dohmen

Affiliation Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Yu Du

Affiliation BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

Juan Hu

Affiliation BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

Ying Lei

Affiliation BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

Ning Li

Affiliation BGI-Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark

Ave Tooming-Klunderud

Affiliation Norwegian High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Dick J. J. Heederik

Affiliation Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Ad C. Fluit

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Marc J. M. Bonten

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Rob J. L. Willems

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Fernando de la Cruz

M.deBeen-2@umcutrecht.nl (MdB); fernando.cruz@unican.es (FdlC)

Affiliation Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-Sodercan-CSIC, Santander, Spain

Willem van Schaik

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MJMB RJLW FdlC WvS. Performed the experiments: JS YD JH YL NL ATK. Analyzed the data: MdB VFL MdT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS WD DJJH ACF. Wrote the paper: MdB VFL MdT WD DJJH ACF MJMB RJLW FdlC WvS.