About the Authors

Inga Prokopenko

Contributed equally to this work with: Inga Prokopenko, Wenny Poon, Reedik Mägi

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Wenny Poon

Contributed equally to this work with: Inga Prokopenko, Wenny Poon, Reedik Mägi

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Reedik Mägi

Contributed equally to this work with: Inga Prokopenko, Wenny Poon, Reedik Mägi

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Rashmi Prasad B

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

S. Albert Salehi

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Peter Almgren

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Peter Osmark

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Nabila Bouatia-Naji

Affiliations University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France

Nils Wierup

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Tove Fall

Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Alena Stančáková

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Adam Barker

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Vasiliki Lagou

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Clive Osmond

Affiliation MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Weijia Xie

Affiliation Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Jari Lahti

Affiliations Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland

Anne U. Jackson

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Yu-Ching Cheng

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jie Liu

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jeffrey R. O'Connell

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Paul A. Blomstedt

Affiliations Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Mathematics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland

Joao Fadista

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Sami Alkayyali

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Tasnim Dayeh

Affiliation Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Emma Ahlqvist

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Jalal Taneera

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Cecile Lecoeur

Affiliations University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

Ashish Kumar

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Ola Hansson

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Karin Hansson

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Benjamin F. Voight

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Hyun Min Kang

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Claire Levy-Marchal

Affiliations INSERM - Institut de Santé Publique, Paris, France, INSERM CIC EC 05, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France

Vincent Vatin

Affiliations University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

Aarno Palotie

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Genetics Analysis Platform, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States of America

Ann-Christine Syvänen

Affiliation Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Andrea Mari

Affiliation CNR Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Padova, Italy

Michael N. Weedon

Affiliation Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Ruth J. F. Loos

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ken K. Ong

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Peter Nilsson

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

Bo Isomaa

Affiliations Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Social Service and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland

Tiinamaija Tuomi

Affiliations Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Nicholas J. Wareham

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Michael Stumvoll

Affiliations University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany, University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany

Elisabeth Widen

Affiliation Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Timo A. Lakka

Affiliations Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

Claudia Langenberg

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Anke Tönjes

Affiliations University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany, University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany

Rainer Rauramaa

Affiliations Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Johanna Kuusisto

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Timothy M. Frayling

Affiliation Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Philippe Froguel

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

Mark Walker

Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Johan G. Eriksson

Affiliations Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki University, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland

Charlotte Ling

Affiliation Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Peter Kovacs

Affiliations University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany, University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany

Erik Ingelsson

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Mark I. McCarthy

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kindom

Alan R. Shuldiner

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kristi D. Silver

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Markku Laakso

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Leif Groop

Leif.Groop@med.lu.se (LG); vlly@steno.dk, Valeriya.Lyssenko@med.lu.se (VL)

Affiliations Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Valeriya Lyssenko

Leif.Groop@med.lu.se (LG); vlly@steno.dk, Valeriya.Lyssenko@med.lu.se (VL)

Affiliations Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden, Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and we have the following conflicts: VLy declares that Steno Diabetes Center is owned by Novonordisk, PK is funded by Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation, TF received payment for lectures from MSD (Merck), AM is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Poxel and has received grants from Eli Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim, BI has received payment for lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk Farma and AstraZeneca, LG has been a consultant for and served on advisory boards for Sanofi-Aventis, GSK, Novartis, Merck, Tethys Bioscience and Xoma, and received lecture fees from Lilly and Novartis. We confirm that these affiliations do not alter the adherence to all the PLOS Genetics policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IP WP RM RPB SAS PO NW TD CLi KDS ML LG VLy. Performed the experiments: WP RM RPB SAS PO NW TD KH. Analyzed the data: IP WP RM RPB SAS PA PO NBN NW TF AS AB VLa CO WX JLa AUJ YCC JLi JRO PAB JF SA TD EA JT CLe AK OH KH BFV HMK CLM VV MNW RJL KKO CLa AT RR JK CLi PK KDS VLy. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SAS PA PO NW AP ACS AM PN BI TT NJW MS EW TAL TMF PF MW JGE CLi EI ARS KDS ML LG VLy. Wrote the paper: IP WP RM RPB PO NW AB MIM CLi LG VLy.