About the Authors

Yu S. Zhou

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Sheila Webb

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Laura Lettice

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Steve Tardif

Current address: R&D Andrology Division, Minitube of America, Mount Horeb, Wisconsin, United States of America.

Affiliation Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

Fiona Kilanowski

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Christine Tyrrell

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Heather MacPherson

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Fiona Semple

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Peter Tennant

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Tina Baker

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Alan Hart

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Paul Devenney

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Paul Perry

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Tracey Davey

Affiliation EM Research Services, Newcastle Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, England, United Kingdom

Perdita Barran

Affiliation School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland

Chris L. Barratt

Affiliation Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

Julia R. Dorin

julia.dorin@igmm.ed.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JRD ST YSZ SW PB. Performed the experiments: YSZ SW LL ST FK CT HM FS PT TB AH PD PP TD. Analyzed the data: YSZ ST JRD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PP CLB. Wrote the paper: JRD YSZ.