About the Authors

Neal F. Lue

nflue@med.cornell.edu (NFL); tjha@illinois.edu (TH)

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America

Ruobo Zhou

Affiliations Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Lidia Chico

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America

Ninghui Mao

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America

Olga Steinberg-Neifach

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America, Hostos Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Taekjip Ha

nflue@med.cornell.edu (NFL); tjha@illinois.edu (TH)

Affiliations Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NFL RZ LC NM OS-N TH. Performed the experiments: NFL RZ LC NM OS-N. Analyzed the data: NFL RZ LC NM OS-N TH. Wrote the paper: NFL TH.