About the Authors

Noah Zaitlen

nzaitlen@hsph.harvard.edu (N Zaitlen); aprice@hsph.harvard.edu (AL Price)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sara Lindström

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bogdan Pasaniuc

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marilyn Cornelis

Affiliation Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Giulio Genovese

Affiliation Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Samuela Pollack

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anne Barton

Affiliation Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Heike Bickeböller

Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Centre, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

Donald W. Bowden

Affiliation Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Steve Eyre

Affiliation Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Barry I. Freedman

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

David J. Friedman

Affiliation Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

John K. Field

Affiliation Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Leif Groop

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Aage Haugen

Affiliation Section for Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway

Joachim Heinrich

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Brian E. Henderson

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Pamela J. Hicks

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Lynne J. Hocking

Affiliation Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Laurence N. Kolonel

Affiliation Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Maria Teresa Landi

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Carl D. Langefeld

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Loic Le Marchand

Affiliation Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Michael Meister

Affiliations Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany, Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany

Ann W. Morgan

Affiliation NIHR–Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom

Olaide Y. Raji

Affiliation Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Angela Risch

Affiliations Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Albert Rosenberger

Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Centre, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

David Scherf

Affiliation DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Sophia Steer

Affiliation King's College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Martin Walshaw

Affiliation Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Kevin M. Waters

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Anthony G. Wilson

Affiliation Deptartment of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Paul Wordsworth

Affiliation NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Shanbeh Zienolddiny

Affiliation Section for Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway

Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher Haiman

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

David J. Hunter

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert M. Plenge

Affiliations Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jane Worthington

Affiliation Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

David C. Christiani

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Debra A. Schaumberg

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States of America, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel I. Chasman

Affiliation Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David Altshuler

Affiliations Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Benjamin Voight

Affiliations Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Peter Kraft

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nick Patterson

Affiliation Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alkes L. Price

nzaitlen@hsph.harvard.edu (N Zaitlen); aprice@hsph.harvard.edu (AL Price)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: N Zaitlen, N Patterson, AL Price, P Kraft, E Tchetgen Tchetgen. Performed the experiments: N Zaitlen, AL Price, S Pollack. Analyzed the data: N Zaitlen, AL Price, B Pasaniuc, P Kraft. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: M Cornelis, G Genovese, A Barton, H Bickeböller, DW Bowden, S Eyre, BI Freedman, DJ Friedman, JK Field, L Groop, A Haugen, J Heinrich, BE Henderson, PJ Hicks, LJ Hocking, LN Kolonel, MT Landi, CD Langefeld, L Le Marchand, M Meister, AW Morgan, OY Raji, A Rosenberger, A Risch, D Scherf, S Steer, M Walshaw, KM Waters, AG Wilson, P Wordsworth, S Zienolddiny, C Haiman, DJ Hunter, RM Plenge, J Worthington, DC Christiani, DA Schaumberg, DI Chasman, D Altshuler, B Voight. Wrote the paper: N Zaitlen, S Lindström, AL Price.