About the Authors

Gregory M. Ku

Affiliations Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Zachary Pappalardo

Affiliation Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Chun Chieh Luo

Affiliation Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Michael S. German

Affiliations Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Michael T. McManus

mmcmanus@diabetes.ucsf.edu

Affiliations Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GMK MSG MTM. Performed the experiments: GMK ZP CCL. Analyzed the data: GMK ZP CCL MSG MTM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GMK ZP CCL MSG MTM. Wrote the paper: GMK ZP CCL MSG MTM.