About the Authors
- George Nicholson
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* E-mail: nicholso@stats.ox.ac.uk
Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mattias Rantalainen
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Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jia V. Li
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Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony D. Maher
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Affiliations Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Bundoora, Australia
- Daniel Malmodin
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Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Kourosh R. Ahmadi
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Johan H. Faber
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Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Amy Barrett
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Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Josine L. Min
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- N. William Rayner
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Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Henrik Toft
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Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Maria Krestyaninova
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Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Juris Viksna
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Affiliation Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Riga, Latvia
- Sudeshna Guha Neogi
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Affiliation NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
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Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ugis Sarkans
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Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The MolPAGE Consortium
- Peter Donnelly
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Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Thomas Illig
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Jerzy Adamski
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Affiliations Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Karsten Suhre
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Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
Affiliations Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Maxine Allen
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Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Krina T. Zondervan
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Tim D. Spector
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Jeremy K. Nicholson
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Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- John C. Lindon
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Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dorrit Baunsgaard
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Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes
Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Elaine Holmes
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Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes
Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mark I. McCarthy
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Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes
Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chris C. Holmes
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Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes
Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: GN ADM DM JHF HT M-ED PD MA KTZ TDS JKN JCL DB EH MIM CCH. Wrote the paper: GN KRA M-ED JKN JCL MIM CCH. Performed the 1H NMR experiment: ADM JHF HT AB. Performed the Biocrates experiment: AB TI JA KS. Designed the database: MK JV SGN US. Performed quality control and imputation of the genotype data: JLM NWR. Analyzed the data and identified metabolites: GN MR JVL ADM DM.