About the Authors

George Nicholson

nicholso@stats.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mattias Rantalainen

Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jia V. Li

Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Anthony D. Maher

Affiliations Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Bundoora, Australia

Daniel Malmodin

Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

Kourosh R. Ahmadi

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Johan H. Faber

Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

Amy Barrett

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Josine L. Min

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

N. William Rayner

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Henrik Toft

Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

Maria Krestyaninova

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Juris Viksna

Affiliation Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Riga, Latvia

Sudeshna Guha Neogi

Affiliation NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Marc-Emmanuel Dumas

Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Ugis Sarkans

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The MolPAGE Consortium
Peter Donnelly

Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Thomas Illig

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

Jerzy Adamski

Affiliations Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

Karsten Suhre

Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

Affiliations Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

Maxine Allen

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Krina T. Zondervan

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Tim D. Spector

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Jeremy K. Nicholson

Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

John C. Lindon

Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Dorrit Baunsgaard

Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes

Affiliation Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

Elaine Holmes

Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes

Affiliation Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Mark I. McCarthy

Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Chris C. Holmes

Contributed equally to this work with: Dorrit Baunsgaard, Elaine Holmes, Mark I. McCarthy, Chris C. Holmes

Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GN ADM DM JHF HT M-ED PD MA KTZ TDS JKN JCL DB EH MIM CCH. Wrote the paper: GN KRA M-ED JKN JCL MIM CCH. Performed the 1H NMR experiment: ADM JHF HT AB. Performed the Biocrates experiment: AB TI JA KS. Designed the database: MK JV SGN US. Performed quality control and imputation of the genotype data: JLM NWR. Analyzed the data and identified metabolites: GN MR JVL ADM DM.