About the Authors

Daria Van Tyne

Contributed equally to this work with: Daria Van Tyne, Daniel J. Park, Stephen F. Schaffner, Daniel E. Neafsey, Elaine Angelino

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel J. Park

Contributed equally to this work with: Daria Van Tyne, Daniel J. Park, Stephen F. Schaffner, Daniel E. Neafsey, Elaine Angelino

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephen F. Schaffner

Contributed equally to this work with: Daria Van Tyne, Daniel J. Park, Stephen F. Schaffner, Daniel E. Neafsey, Elaine Angelino

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel E. Neafsey

Contributed equally to this work with: Daria Van Tyne, Daniel J. Park, Stephen F. Schaffner, Daniel E. Neafsey, Elaine Angelino

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elaine Angelino

Contributed equally to this work with: Daria Van Tyne, Daniel J. Park, Stephen F. Schaffner, Daniel E. Neafsey, Elaine Angelino

Affiliations FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joseph F. Cortese

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kayla G. Barnes

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David M. Rosen

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Amanda K. Lukens

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rachel F. Daniels

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Danny A. Milner Jr.

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Charles A. Johnson

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ilya Shlyakhter

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sharon R. Grossman

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Justin S. Becker

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel Yamins

Affiliation FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elinor K. Karlsson

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daouda Ndiaye

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Ousmane Sarr

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Souleymane Mboup

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Christian Happi

Affiliation Malaria Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Nicholas A. Furlotte

Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Eleazar Eskin

Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Hyun Min Kang

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Daniel L. Hartl

Affiliation Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bruce W. Birren

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Roger C. Wiegand

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric S. Lander

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dyann F. Wirth

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sarah K. Volkman

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, School for Health Sciences, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pardis C. Sabeti

pardis@broadinstitute.org

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DLH BWB RCW ESL DFW SKV PCS. Performed the experiments: DVT JFC KGB DMR AKL RFD CAJ JSB. Analyzed the data: DVT DJP SFS DEN EA SRG EKK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DAMJ IS SRG DY EKK DN OS SM CH NAF EE HMK. Wrote the paper: DVT DJP SFS DEN EA DLH DFW SKV PCS.