About the Authors

Ritva Haataja

Contributed equally to this work with: Ritva Haataja, Minna K. Karjalainen

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Minna K. Karjalainen

Contributed equally to this work with: Ritva Haataja, Minna K. Karjalainen

minna.k.karjalainen@oulu.fi

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Aino Luukkonen

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Kari Teramo

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Hilkka Puttonen

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Marja Ojaniemi

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Teppo Varilo

Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Bimal P. Chaudhari

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jevon Plunkett

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Human and Statistics Genetics Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jeffrey C. Murray

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Steven A. McCarroll

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Leena Peltonen

† Deceased.

Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Louis J. Muglia

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Aarno Palotie

Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mikko Hallman

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RH MKK AL KT HP MO TV JCM SAM LP LJM AP MH. Performed the experiments: RH MKK BPC JP. Analyzed the data: RH MKK AL TV BPC JP SAM LJM AP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LJM MH. Wrote the paper: RH MKK. Contributed in recruiting patients: KT HP. Contributed in obtaining patient data and DNA: HP. Contributed in obtaining the DNA array: LP. Contributed in writing the paper: AP MH. Served as a liaison between the investigators: MH.