About the Authors
- Demetris Pillas
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Economic and Social Research Council International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Clive J. Hoggart
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- David M. Evans
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Paul F. O'Reilly
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Kirsi Sipilä
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Affiliations Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Raija Lähdesmäki
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Affiliations Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Iona Y. Millwood
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Marika Kaakinen
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Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Gopalakrishnan Netuveli
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Affiliations Economic and Social Research Council International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, London, United Kingdom, Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- David Blane
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Affiliations Economic and Social Research Council International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, London, United Kingdom, Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Pimphen Charoen
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ulla Sovio
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anneli Pouta
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Affiliation Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Nelson Freimer
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Affiliations Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Jaana Laitinen
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Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
- Sarianna Vaara
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Affiliation Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Beate Glaser
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Peter Crawford
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Affiliation Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Nicholas J. Timpson
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Susan M. Ring
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Affiliation Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Guohong Deng
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Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Weihua Zhang
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mark I. McCarthy
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Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Panos Deloukas
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Leena Peltonen
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
- Paul Elliott
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre in Environment and Health, London, United Kingdom
- Lachlan J. M. Coin
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- George Davey Smith
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
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Contributed equally to this work with: Demetris Pillas, Clive J. Hoggart, David M. Evans, Paul F. O'Reilly, Paul Elliott, Lachlan J. M. Coin, George Davey Smith, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
* E-mail: m.jarvelin@imperial.ac.uk
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: DP MRJ. Analyzed the data: DP CJH DME PC LJMC. Wrote the paper: DP CJH DME PFO KS RL IYM MK GN DB US AP NF ALH JL SV BG PC NJT SMR GD WZ MIM PD LP PE LJMC GDS MRJ.