About the Authors

Cecilia M. Lindgren

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia M. Lindgren, Iris M. Heid, Joshua C. Randall, Claudia Lamina, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom

Iris M. Heid

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia M. Lindgren, Iris M. Heid, Joshua C. Randall, Claudia Lamina, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Joshua C. Randall

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia M. Lindgren, Iris M. Heid, Joshua C. Randall, Claudia Lamina, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom

Claudia Lamina

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia M. Lindgren, Iris M. Heid, Joshua C. Randall, Claudia Lamina, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia M. Lindgren, Iris M. Heid, Joshua C. Randall, Claudia Lamina, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland

Lu Qi

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elizabeth K. Speliotes

Affiliations Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gudmar Thorleifsson

Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland

Cristen J. Willer

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Blanca M. Herrera

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anne U. Jackson

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Noha Lim

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Paul Scheet

Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Nicole Soranzo

Affiliations Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Najaf Amin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Yurii S. Aulchenko

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

John C. Chambers

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Alexander Drong

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom

Jian'an Luan

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Helen N. Lyon

Affiliations Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology, Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Fernando Rivadeneira

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Serena Sanna

Affiliation Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy

Nicholas J. Timpson

Affiliation The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

M. Carola Zillikens

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jing Hua Zhao

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Peter Almgren

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Stefania Bandinelli

Affiliation Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy

Amanda J. Bennett

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Richard N. Bergman

Affiliation Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Lori L. Bonnycastle

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Suzannah J. Bumpstead

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stephen J. Chanock

Affiliation Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lynn Cherkas

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Peter Chines

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lachlan Coin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Cyrus Cooper

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Gabriel Crawford

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Angela Doering

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Anna Dominiczak

Affiliation BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Alex S. F. Doney

Affiliation Diabetes Research Group, Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Shah Ebrahim

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Paul Elliott

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Michael R. Erdos

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Karol Estrada

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Luigi Ferrucci

Affiliation Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Guido Fischer

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Nita G. Forouhi

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Christian Gieger

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Harald Grallert

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Christopher J. Groves

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Scott Grundy

Affiliation Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Candace Guiducci

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

David Hadley

Affiliation Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom

Anders Hamsten

Affiliation Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Aki S. Havulinna

Affiliation KTL-National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Albert Hofman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Rolf Holle

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

John W. Holloway

Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Division of Human Genetics, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Thomas Illig

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Bo Isomaa

Affiliation Folkhälsan Research Center, Malmska Municipal Health Center and Hospital, Jakobstad, Finland

Leonie C. Jacobs

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Karen Jameson

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Pekka Jousilahti

Affiliation KTL-National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Fredrik Karpe

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Johanna Kuusisto

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Jaana Laitinen

Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occpational Health, Oulu, Finland

G. Mark Lathrop

Affiliation Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France

Debbie A. Lawlor

Affiliations The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Massimo Mangino

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Wendy L. McArdle

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Thomas Meitinger

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Mario A. Morken

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Andrew P. Morris

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom

Patricia Munroe

Affiliation The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Narisu Narisu

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Anna Nordström

Affiliations Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section for Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Geriatrics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden

Peter Nordström

Affiliations Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section for Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Geriatrics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden

Ben A. Oostra

Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Colin N. A. Palmer

Affiliation Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Felicity Payne

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

John F. Peden

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Inga Prokopenko

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom

Frida Renström

Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden

Aimo Ruokonen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Veikko Salomaa

Affiliation KTL-National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Manjinder S. Sandhu

Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Laura J. Scott

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Angelo Scuteri

Affiliation Unita' Operativa Geriatrica, Instituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (INRCA) IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Kaisa Silander

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Kijoung Song

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Xin Yuan

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Heather M. Stringham

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Amy J. Swift

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Tiinamaija Tuomi

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Manuela Uda

Affiliation Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy

Peter Vollenweider

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

Gerard Waeber

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

Chris Wallace

Affiliation The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

G. Bragi Walters

Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland

Michael N. Weedon

Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium

A full list of members is provided in Text S1.

Jacqueline C. M. Witteman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Cuilin Zhang

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Weihua Zhang

Affiliation Ealing Hospital, Ealing Hospital National Health Service Trust, Southall, London, United Kingdom

Mark J. Caulfield

Affiliation The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Francis S. Collins

Affiliation National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

George Davey Smith

Affiliations The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ian N. M. Day

Affiliation Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Paul W. Franks

Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research (Umeå Medical Biobank), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Andrew T. Hattersley

Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Frank B. Hu

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland

Augustine Kong

Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland

Jaspal S. Kooner

Affiliation National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Markku Laakso

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Edward Lakatta

Affiliation Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of Ameica

Vincent Mooser

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrew D. Morris

Affiliation Diabetes Research Group, Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Leena Peltonen

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nilesh J. Samani

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom

Timothy D. Spector

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

David P. Strachan

Affiliation Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom

Toshiko Tanaka

Affiliations Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jaakko Tuomilehto

Affiliation Diabetes Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

André G. Uitterlinden

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Cornelia M. van Duijn

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Nicholas J. Wareham

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Hugh Watkins for the PROCARDIS consortia

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Dawn M. Waterworth

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Michael Boehnke

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Panos Deloukas

Affiliation Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Leif Groop

Affiliations Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

David J. Hunter

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Unnur Thorsteinsdottir

Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

David Schlessinger

Affiliation Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of Ameica

H.-Erich Wichmann

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Timothy M. Frayling

Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Gonçalo R. Abecasis

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Joel N. Hirschhorn

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliations Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology, Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ruth J. F. Loos

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kari Stefansson

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

Karen L. Mohlke

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Inês Barroso

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mark I. McCarthy for the GIANT consortium

goncalo@umich.edu (GRA); joelh@broad.mit.edu (JNH); rjfl2@medschl.cam.ac.uk (RJFL); kari.stefansson@decode.is (KS); mohlke@med.unc.edu (KLM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB); mark.mccarthy@drl.ox.ac.uk (MIM)

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors from Decode Genetics Inc. own stocks and stock options in the company. VM, NL, KS and DMW are full-time employees of GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: C. Lindgren, I. Heid, J. Randall., C. Lamina, V. Steinthorsdottir, L. Peltonen, I. Barroso, M. McCarthy. Performed the experiments: J. Zhao, A. Bennett, G. Crawford, A. Dominiczak, C. Groves, C. Guiducci, F. Payne, J. Peden, L. Scott, K. Silander, H. Stringham, T. Tuomi, M. Uda, P. Vollenweider, G. Waeber, J. Witteman. Analyzed the data: C. Lindgren, I. Heid, J. Randall., C. Lamina, V. Steinthorsdottir., L. Qi, E. Speliotes, G. Thorleifsson, C. Willer, B. Herrera, A. Jackson, N. Lim, P. Scheet, N. Soranzo, N. Amin, Y. Aulchenko, J. Chambers, A. Drong, J. Luan, H. Lyon, F. Rivadeneira, S. Sanna, N. Timpson, M. Zillikens, P. Almgren, S. Bandinelli, A. Bennett, R. Bergman, L. Bonnycastle, S. Bumpstead, S. Chanock, L. Cherkas, P. Chines, L. Coin, C. Cooper, G. Crawford, A. Doering, A. Dominiczak, A. Doney, S. Ebrahim, P. Elliott, M. Erdos, K. Estrada, L. Ferrucci, G. Fischer, N. Forouhi, C. Gieger, H. Grallert, C. Groves, S. Grundy, C. Guiducci, D. Hadley, A. Hamsten, A. Havulinna, A. Hofman, R. Holle, J. Holloway, T. Illig, B. Isomaa, L. Jacobs, K. Jameson, P. Jousilahti, J. Kuusisto, J. Laitinen, G. Lathrop, D. Lawlor, M. Mangino, W. McArdle, T. Meitinger, M. Morken, A. Morris, P. Munroe, N. Narisu, Anna Nordström, P. Nordström, B. Oostra, C. Palmer, F. Payne, J. Peden, I. Prokopenko, F. Renström, A. Ruokonen, M. Sandhu, L. Scott, A. Scuteri, K. Silander, K. Song, X. Yuan, H. Stringham, A. Swift, C. Wallace, G. Walters, M. Weedon, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, A. Kong, D. Strachan, T. Tanaka, C. Van Duijn, D. Waterworth, T. Frayling, R. Loos. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: S. Chanock, L. Cherkas, P. Chines, C. Cooper, A. Doering, A. Doney, S. Ebrahim, A. Hamsten, B. Isomaa, P. Jousilahti, F. Karpe, J. Kuusisto, J. Laitinen, G. Lathrop, D. Lawlor, T. Meitinger, A. Morris, P. Munroe, A. Nordström, P. Nordström, B. Oostra, C. Palmer, F. Renström, A. Ruokonen, V. Salomaa, M. Sandhu, A. Scuteri, A. Swift, T. Tuomi, M. Uda, P. Vollenweider, G. Waeber, J. Witteman, M. Caulfield, F. Collins, G. Davey Smith, I. Day, P. Franks, A. Hattersley, F. Hu, M-R. Jarvelin, A. Kong, J. Kooner, M. Laakso, E. Lakatta, V. Mooser, A. Morris, L. Peltonen, N. Samani, T. Spector, D. Strachan, T. Tanaka, J. Tuomilehto, A. Uitterlinden, C. Van Duijn, N. Wareham, H. Watkins, D. Waterworth, M. Boehnke, P. Deloukas, L. Groop, D. Hunter, U.Thorsteinsdottir, D. Schlessinger, H. Wichmann, T. Frayling, G. Abecasis, J. Hirschhorn, R. Loos, K. Mohlke, I. Barroso, M. McCarthy. Wrote the paper: C. Lindgren, I. Heid, J. Randall., C. Lamina, V. Steinthorsdottir., L. Qi, E. Speliotes, G. Thorleifsson, C. Willer, C. Van Duijn, M. Boehnke, U.Thorsteinsdottir, G. Abecasis, J. Hirschhorn, R. Loos, K. Stefansson, K. Mohlke, I. Barroso, M. McCarthy. Directed the project: G. Abecasis, J. Hirschhorn, R. Loos, K. Stefansson, K. Mohlke, I. Barroso, M. McCarthy.