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Why aphid virus retention needs more attention: Modelling aphid behaviour and virus manipulation in non-persistent plant virus transmission

Fig 8

The effects of the ‘attract-and-deter’ and ‘attract-and-retain’ phenotypes on epidemic size are driven by the changes they induce in aphid dispersal, , and infectivity loss, , rates, and vary to differing degrees with decreasing ρ.

Line colours represent virus-induced plant phenotypes: blue = no virus manipulation (v = ε = 1), red = ‘attract-and-deter’ scenario (v = 1.5, ε = 0.5), green = ‘attract-and-retain’ scenario (v = 1.5, ε = 2). Linetype represents the value of ρ, the probability of an aphid losing infectivity (the virus) when probing, for (a)-(f). (a) Model trajectories under each plant phenotype, for ρ = 1. (b) Model trajectories under each plant phenotype, for ρ = 1 and ρ = 0.5. (c) Rate of aphid infectivity loss, (Eq 20), across proportion of plants infected (I/H) for each phenotype. (d) Aphid dispersal rate, (Eq 14), across proportion of plants infected (I/H), for each phenotype. (e) Aphid rate of virus acquisition (, the positive term in dZ/dt, Eq 22, but without multiplication by X in order to make it a per-aphid rate) across proportion of plants infected (I/H), for each phenotype. (f) Rate of aphid infectivity loss, (Eq 20), across proportion of plants infected (I/H) for each phenotype, for ρ = 1 and ρ = 0.5. (g) Disease incidence (equilibrium I/H) across values of ρ for each phenotype, as well as for an additional ‘retain’ phenotype (v = 1, ε = 2). (h) Difference in disease incidence from its value at ρ = 1 (i.e. difference is 0 at ρ = 1) across values of ρ, for each phenotype, including the aforementioned additional ‘retain’ phenotype. All other parameters are at their default values.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012479.g008