Analysis of emergent patterns in crossing flows of pedestrians reveals an invariant of ‘stripe’ formation in human data
Fig 7
Orientation γ of the stripes using different methods.
(a) Figure shows boxplots for obtained values of ,
,
from the pattern-matching technique and γL, γR from the edge-cutting algorithm. Outliers are shown by black dots. The dashed line corresponds to 90°. The boxplots were made using the various values of γ evaluated at the same time instant. This instant was chosen to be the time when the periodicity of the stripes from the two groups was best maintained (see Discussion). For detailed definitions of
,
,
, γL and γR see Fig 6 and Materials and methods. (b) Boxplots for the difference in obtained values of orientations
as estimated by separate-group analysis using pattern-matching technique. The values of
and
are the instantaneous values, which are shown in (a) (brown and orange bars).