A hybrid stochastic-deterministic approach to explore multiple infection and evolution in HIV
Fig 4
Mutant evolution under different scenarios with 100% free virus transmission (left panels: β = 3.6 × 10−9, γ = 0, N = 11) or 100% synaptic transmission (right panels: β = 0, γ = 3.6 × 10−9, S = 3, N = 25).
Panels A and B record the number of cells infected with the mutant at 104 infected cells, for all other panels it is 5 × 108 infected cells. For all panels, the blue bars represents simulations without complementation/interference and the red bars represents simulations with complementation/interference. The mean values are presented in each panel. For panels B-H, p < 10−6 by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A-D Zero fitness mutant (Fmutant = 0). E-F Disadvantageous mutant (Fmutant = 0.81). G-H Advantageous mutant (Fmutant = 0.99). For all simulations, we fix and the other parameters are as in Fig 1 (μ = 3 × 10−5, λ = 1.59 × 107, a = 0.45, and d = 0.016).