Systems-level computational modeling demonstrates fuel selection switching in high capacity running and low capacity running rats
Fig 6
Simulation of HCR and LCR metabolism during exercise.
In all panels, HCR and LCR simulations are represented by blue and red lines, respectively. Simulations were performed using the minimal difference parameter set between HCR and LCR (Figs 4 and 5). (A) Cytosolic ATP with time. (B) Gibbs free energy potential (Eq 2, Methods) for cytosolic ATP hydrolysis with time. (C) Cytosolic ratio of oxidized (NAD+) over reduced (NADH) NAD with time. (D) Time-dependent average flux from glycolytic enzymes. (E) Time-dependent average flux of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) shuttle enzymes. (F) Lactate dehydrogenase flux with time. (G) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex flux with time. (H) Cytosolic pyruvate with time. (I) Mitochondrial pyruvate with time. (J) Time-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential. (K) Mitochondrial NAD ratio for oxidized (NAD+) over reduced (NADH) NAD with time. Inset is a zoomed-out view of the main panel. (L) Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA to CoA ratio with time. (M) Time-dependent average flux of TCA cycle enzymes. (N) Time-dependent average flux of FA β-oxidation enzymes. (O) Adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) flux with time.