About the Authors

Francisco Y. Cai

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

francisco@mail.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Thomas Fussell

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sarah Cobey

Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Marc Lipsitch

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: ML reports consulting from Pfizer, Merck, Affinivax and Antigen Discovery, grant funding through his institution from Pfizer, and input on the scientific question that motivated this work from PATH Vaccine Solutions.