About the Authors

Deborah Chasman

Affiliation Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Kevin B. Walters

Current address: Southern Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Tiago J. S. Lopes

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Amie J. Eisfeld

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Affiliations Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Bioresponses Regulation, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Sushmita Roy

sroy@biostat.wisc.edu

Affiliations Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SR AJE YK DC. Performed the experiments: SR DC KBW. Analyzed the data: SR DC TJSL AJE KBW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YK AJE KBW TJSL. Wrote the paper: DC KBW TJSL AJE YK SR.