About the Authors

Wan Yang

wy2202@columbia.edu

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Alicia Karspeck

Affiliation Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Jeffrey Shaman

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WY AK JS. Performed the experiments: WY. Analyzed the data: WY AK JS. Wrote the paper: WY AK JS. Compiled the data: JS.