About the Authors

Erik M. Volz

erikvolz@umich.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

James S. Koopman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Melissa J. Ward

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew Leigh Brown

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Simon D. W. Frost

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EMV SDWF. Performed the experiments: EMV. Analyzed the data: EMV SDWF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EMV SDWF. Wrote the paper: EMV JSK MJW ALB SDWF.