About the Authors

Rajat Singhania

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

R. Michael Sramkoski

Affiliation Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

James W. Jacobberger

Affiliation Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

John J. Tyson

tyson@vt.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RMS JWJ. Performed the experiments: RMS. Analyzed the data: RS JWJ JJT. Wrote the paper: RS RMS JWJ JJT. Conceived modeling approach: JJT. Implemented the model and ran all simulations: RS. Designed the model: JWJ.