A Case Of Convergence: Why Did a Simple Alternative to Canonical Antibodies Arise in Sharks and Camels?

Open Access

Unsolved Mystery Unsolved Mysteries discuss a topic of biological importance that is poorly understood and in need of research attention.

Martin F. Flajnik,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Nick Deschacht,

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
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Serge Muyldermans

* E-mail: svmuylde@vub.ac.be

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
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Antibodies
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Sharks
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Convergent evolution
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Chondrichthyes
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Vertebrates
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Camels
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Evolutionary immunology
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Antigen isotypes
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