About the Authors

Quirine ten Bosch

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

quirine.tenbosch@wur.nl

Affiliations Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Beza Ramasindrazana

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Guillain Mikaty

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Environment and Infectious Risks Research Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (ERI-CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Rado J. L. Rakotonanahary

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Birgit Nikolay

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France

Soloandry Rahajandraibe

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Maxence Feher

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Environment and Infectious Risks Research Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (ERI-CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Quentin Grassin

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Environment and Infectious Risks Research Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (ERI-CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Juliette Paireau

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France

Soanandrasana Rahelinirina

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Rindra Randremanana

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo Madagascar

Feno Rakotoarimanana

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo Madagascar

Marie Melocco

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo Madagascar

Voahangy Rasolofo

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Direction, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Javier Pizarro-Cerdá

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, F-75015 Paris, France, National Reference Laboratory for Plague and other Yersiniosis, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Plague FRA-140, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France

Anne-Sophie Le Guern

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, F-75015 Paris, France, National Reference Laboratory for Plague and other Yersiniosis, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Plague FRA-140, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France

Eric Bertherat

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation World Health Organization, Health Emergency Programme, Department of Infectious Hazard Management, Geneva, Switzerland

Maherisoa Ratsitorahina

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Direction, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Directorate of Health and Epidemiological Surveillance, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar

André Spiegel

Roles Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Direction, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Laurence Baril

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo Madagascar

Minoarisoa Rajerison

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Simon Cauchemez

Contributed equally to this work with: Quirine ten Bosch, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Beza Ramasindrazana, Laurence Baril, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Simon Cauchemez

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.