About the Authors

Etienne Vachon-Presseau

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Sara E. Berger

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Healthcare and Life Sciences Department, IBM Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America

Taha B. Abdullah

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

James W. Griffith

Roles Formal analysis, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Thomas J. Schnitzer

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition

Affiliations Departments of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

A. Vania Apkarian

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

a-apkarian@northwestern.edu

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.