About the Authors

B. Ian Hutchins

Affiliation Office of Portfolio Analysis, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Xin Yuan

Affiliation Office of Portfolio Analysis, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

James M. Anderson

Affiliation Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

George M. Santangelo

george.santangelo@nih.gov

Affiliation Office of Portfolio Analysis, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Since the authors work in the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives at the National Institutes of Health, our work could have policy implications for how research portfolios are evaluated.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BIH GMS JMA. Performed the experiments: BIH XY GMS. Analyzed the data: BIH GMS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BIH XY. Wrote the paper: BIH XY JMA GMS.