About the Authors

Shareen A. Iqbal

Contributed equally to this work with: Shareen A. Iqbal, Joshua D. Wallach

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Joshua D. Wallach

Contributed equally to this work with: Shareen A. Iqbal, Joshua D. Wallach

Affiliations Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Muin J. Khoury

Affiliations Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Sheri D. Schully

Affiliation Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

John P. A. Ioannidis

jioannid@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JPAI MJK SAI JDW SDS. Performed the experiments: SAI JDW JPAI. Analyzed the data: SAI JDW JPAI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SAI JDW. Wrote the paper: SAI JDW JPAI. Wrote the protocol: JPAI SAI JDW. Further elaborated the protocol: MJK SDS. Data extraction and statistical analysis: SAI JDW. Extraction arbitration: JPAI. Interpretation of data and analyses: JPAI SAI JDW. Wrote first draft of manuscript: SAI JDW JPAI. Manuscript comments and revisions: JPAI SAI JDW MJK SDS.