About the Authors

Justin R. Hassler

Affiliations Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Donalyn L. Scheuner

Affiliations Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Shiyu Wang

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jaeseok Han

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Vamsi K. Kodali

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Philip Li

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Julie Nguyen

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jenny S. George

Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Cory Davis

Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Shengyang P. Wu

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Yongsheng Bai

Affiliations NCIBI Department of Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America

Maureen Sartor

Affiliation NCIBI Department of Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

James Cavalcoli

Affiliation NCIBI Department of Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Harmeet Malhi

Current address: Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Gregory Baudouin

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Yaoyang Zhang

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

John R. Yates III

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Pamela Itkin-Ansari

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Niels Volkmann

Affiliation Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Randal J. Kaufman

rkaufman@sbpdiscovery.org

Affiliations Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JRH DLS RJK PIA. Performed the experiments: JRH JSG SPW CD HM JN JH GB SW VKK PL JC YB MS YZ. Analyzed the data: JRH RJK PIA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JH JC YB MS YZ JRY NV PIA. Wrote the paper: JRH RJK PIA.