A Case Of Convergence: Why Did a Simple Alternative to Canonical Antibodies Arise in Sharks and Camels?

Martin F. Flajnik; Nick Deschacht; Serge Muyldermans

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001120

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A Case Of Convergence: Why Did a Simple Alternative to Canonical Antibodies Arise in Sharks and Camels?

Martin F. Flajnik,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Nick Deschacht,

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
⨯
Serge Muyldermans

* E-mail: svmuylde@vub.ac.be

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
⨯

A Case Of Convergence: Why Did a Simple Alternative to Canonical Antibodies Arise in Sharks and Camels?

Martin F. Flajnik,
Nick Deschacht,
Serge Muyldermans

Published: August 2, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001120

About the Authors

Martin F. Flajnik

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Nick Deschacht

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium

Serge Muyldermans

* E-mail: svmuylde@vub.ac.be

Affiliations Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Antibodies
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Sharks
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Convergent evolution
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Chondrichthyes
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Vertebrates
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Camels
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Evolutionary immunology
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Antigen isotypes
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