About the Authors
- Bärbel Stecher
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Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Riccardo Robbiani
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Contributed equally to this work with: Riccardo Robbiani, Alan W Walker
Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Alan W Walker
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Contributed equally to this work with: Riccardo Robbiani, Alan W Walker
Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Astrid M Westendorf
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Affiliation Department of Mucosal Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Manja Barthel
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Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Marcus Kremer
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Affiliation Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Samuel Chaffron
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Affiliation Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Andrew J Macpherson
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Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Jan Buer
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Affiliation Department of Mucosal Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Julian Parkhill
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Gordon Dougan
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Christian von Mering
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Affiliation Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hardt@micro.biol.ethz.ch
Affiliation Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
BS, RR, AWW, AMW, JB, JP, GD, CvM, and WDH conceived and designed the experiments. BS, RR, AWW, AMW, MB, and AJM performed the experiments; AWW performed microbiota analysis by 16S gene sequencing. BS, RR, AWW, MK, SC, CvM, and WDH analyzed the data. BS and WDH wrote the paper.