About the Authors

C. David L Orme

Affiliation Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Richard G Davies

Affiliation Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Valerie A Olson

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom

Gavin H Thomas

Affiliation School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Tzung-Su Ding

Affiliation School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Pamela C Rasmussen

Affiliation Michigan State University Museum and Department of Zoology, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Robert S Ridgely

Affiliation Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ali J Stattersfield

Affiliation BirdLife International, Girton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Peter M Bennett

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom

Ian P. F Owens

Affiliations Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom , NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Tim M Blackburn

Affiliation School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Kevin J Gaston

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: k.j.gaston@sheffield.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

KJG conceived the study. CDLO, RGD, and KJG designed the analyses. CDLO, RGD, and GHT performed the analyses. VAO, TSD, PCR, RSR, AJS, and PMB contributed data. CDLO, RGD, IPFO, TMB, and KJG wrote the paper.