About the Authors

Rick S Mitchell

Contributed equally to this work with: Rick S Mitchell, Brett F Beitzel

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Brett F Beitzel

Contributed equally to this work with: Rick S Mitchell, Brett F Beitzel

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Astrid R. W Schroder

Affiliation Gen-Probe, San Diego, California, United States of America

Paul Shinn

Affiliation Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Huaming Chen

Affiliation Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Charles C Berry

Affiliation Department of Family/Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

Joseph R Ecker

Affiliation Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Frederic D Bushman

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

RSM, BFB, ARWS, CCB, JRE, and FDB conceived and designed the experiments. RSM, BFB, ARWS, PS, HC, CCB, JRE, and FDB performed the experiments. RSM, BFB, ARWS, PS, HC, CCB, HCB, JRE, and FDB analyzed the data. RSM, BFB, CCB, JRE, and FDB wrote the paper.