About the Authors

Michael Springer

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael Springer, Dennis D Wykoff

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Dennis D Wykoff

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael Springer, Dennis D Wykoff

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Nicole Miller

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Erin K O'Shea

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: oshea@biochem.ucsf.edu

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

MS, DDW, NM, and EKO conceived and designed the experiments. MS, DDW, and NM performed the experiments. MS, DDW, and NM analyzed the data. MS, DDW, and EKO wrote the paper.