Peer Review History

Original SubmissionOctober 16, 2024
Decision Letter - Annesha Sil, Editor

PGPH-D-24-02425

Access to healthcare for people with disabilities in Zambia: a qualitative study

PLOS Global Public Health

Dear Dr. Scherer,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS Global Public Health. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS Global Public Health’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

Please submit your revised manuscript by Jan 18 2025 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at globalpubhealth@plos.org. When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pgph/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:

  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.
  • A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.
  • An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.

Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Annesha Sil, Ph.D.

Staff Editor

PLOS Global Public Health

Journal Requirements:

1. Please include a complete copy of PLOS’ questionnaire on inclusivity in global research in your revised manuscript. Our policy for research in this area aims to improve transparency in the reporting of research performed outside of researchers’ own country or community. The policy applies to researchers who have travelled to a different country to conduct research, research with Indigenous populations or their lands, and research on cultural artefacts. The questionnaire can also be requested at the journal’s discretion for any other submissions, even if these conditions are not met. Please find more information on the policy and a link to download a blank copy of the questionnaire here: https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/s/best-practices-in-research-reporting. Please upload a completed version of your questionnaire as Supporting Information when you resubmit your manuscript.

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Additional Editor Comments (if provided):

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Does this manuscript meet PLOS Global Public Health’s publication criteria ? Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? The manuscript must describe methodologically and ethically rigorous research with conclusions that are appropriately drawn based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

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2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: N/A

Reviewer #2: N/A

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3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available (please refer to the Data Availability Statement at the start of the manuscript PDF file)?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception. The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

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4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS Global Public Health does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

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5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: I really enjoyed reading this article. Highlighting the perspectives of individuals with disabilities is crucial, as their voices are often marginalized even in high-income countries (HICs) with greater resources. Providing a platform for these voices adds significant value to both the research and the broader conversation on inclusion and accessibility.

Regarding the feedback format, I’ll offer a general comment on each section, followed by specific suggestions aimed at enhancing the quality and clarity of the work.

Abstract

• The abstract is well-structured and provides a comprehensive overview of the study. I recommend removing the last sentence in the background section, ‘This study employs qualitive method to generate new evidence’, as this content belongs more appropriately in the methods section. Instead, this part could be rephrased as: ‘In this qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 48 participants…”.

Introduction

• The introduction provides valuable context on the topic and is well-proportioned in length. However, the phase ‘than people with disabilities’ appears repeatedly throughout the section and may lead to redundancy. For better fluency, I suggest removing this phrase on line e58 when discussing all-cause mortality.

• Additionally, the introduction could benefit from a smoother transition between the second and third paragraphs. Adding 'especially in LMICs' to the end of the sentence concluding with 'and improve health outcomes for people with disabilities' on line 63 may strengthen this connection.

• Currently, the connection is made with the study’s objective, but it might be more effective to place the objective at the end of the introduction where it naturally aligns with lines 88 and 89. I suggest revising the objective to clearly encompass the study’s focus on barriers and facilitators to access, as well as potential solutions, as discussed in the results.

Method

• The methodology is well-explained and, while qualitative research may not follow strict standardization, it provides sufficient detail for replicability.

Study setting

• The classification of location is somewhat overlapping here, as it differentiates people by both district within Lusaka province and location type. From what I understand, the three districts were chosen to represent urban, peri-urban, and rural locations; however, only Lusaka is entirely urban, while Chongwe and Kafue are mixed. To improve clarity, I suggest acknowledging the participants' districts of origin but using location type as the sole classification and removing the district category from the table.

• Additionally, consider standardizing terminology throughout the text, using either 'location' or 'locality' consistently.

The section also includes a description of Zambia’s healthcare system structure. While relevant, this information may fit better in the introduction, especially since all health professional participants are from primary healthcare settings. Summarizing it briefly in the introduction will better set the context.

Participants

• It may be helpful to explain the rationale behind the classification of disability used in the study. For instance, why was there a differentiation between visual and hearing disabilities, rather than grouping these as sensory disabilities? A brief explanation could help readers understand this choice.

Data collection

• For clarity, please ensure a logical order of information. For example, details on the language used in interviews (lines 144–148) would be more coherent in the third paragraph (around line 160), as it relates more closely to procedural specifics.

There appears to be an important limitation concerning adult participants with intellectual disabilities. Using caregivers as proxies may not provide accurate insights; literature indicates that caregivers' reports on health experiences do not always align with the actual experiences of individuals themselves. For an example of this topic, please see https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2769779

When direct communication with participants was not possible, this represents a barrier that should be recognized as a limitation. If participants' intellectual disabilities prevented complex communication even with augmentative speech strategies, the role of caregivers as informants might be acknowledged as a separate participant category, such as 'Caregivers of Adults with Disabilities.' Including this as a limitation could strengthen the study's transparency.

Data analysis

• The decision to use the Levesque Framework for healthcare access is well-suited to the study's objectives. Along with the figure, consider mentioning the framework's main components and key themes within each part to give readers a clearer understanding of its application in this context.

Reflexivity

• I appreciate the inclusion of this section, as it shows the authors’ commitment to addressing potential biases. It may be more appropriately placed immediately after 'Ethical Considerations,' and I suggest revising the title to more precisely reflect the content.

Results

• The results presented in this paper are highly engaging, although I have two main concerns. First, the term 'participant' is used ambiguously throughout. Given the various participant categories, it would be helpful to clarify each instance to indicate whether it refers to all participants or specific categories. Authors have done it in most cases but others remain ambiguous.

I also suggest refining the language of the results section to clearly convey that this information reflects the study’s findings. Using verbs such as 'reported,' 'noted,' 'mentioned,' or 'stated' may enhance readability and provide consistency in reporting participants' perspectives. Frequently, it is confusing whether the statement comes from the results or it may be an assumption.

To improve clarity for readers, consider renaming and numbering the themes, e.g., 'Theme 1: Ability to Perceive and Approachability.' Additionally, briefly specify Levesque’s categorization within each theme (e.g., supply-side vs. demand-side). Within each theme, short subtitles could be added at the start of paragraphs, formatted in italics, to guide readers through key points. Here’s an example reformulation for theme 1 following this structure:

“Theme 1: Ability to Perceive and approachability”

General health literacy. People with disabilities and caregivers discussed two types of healthcare – general primary healthcare (e.g. under-five, vaccines) and disability-specific services [deleted redundant info]. [Deleted ‘while’] Participants reported general health literacy and many lacked information and knowledge on disability, disability-specific services and referral system, especially in rural areas. They [participants and caregivers] also noted that primary healthcare services do not provide disability support and they do not attend these facilities when they have a concern related to disability [deleted information about referrals, noted before], leading to underutilization of available services.

Additionally, people with disabilities reported being refused support at primary health services for general health issues and, accordingly, many primary health professionals reported seeing their role for people with disabilities as referral to secondary and tertiary care only. [Deleted information about transport because it belongs to another theme].

(quote)

Systems outreach. Health professionals….”

Ability to Perceive, approachability

• The information beginning on line 253 with 'For example' seems more relevant to the discussion section. For instance, the phrase 'some organizations have aimed to work with primary health facilities' does not appear to be directly derived from participants' responses. Clarifying whether this information is part of the study’s findings or general context would be helpful.

• Similarly, the third paragraph of this theme would benefit from a focus on participants’ suggestions regarding solutions to the two barriers highlighted earlier in this theme. Additional context could be reserved for the discussion.

Ability to Seek, acceptability

• On line 277, it would be helpful to clarify if participants directly reported the negative impact discussed.

• The statement 'Participants recommended that headmen and volunteers be trained to improve disability awareness in communities' appears to overlap with content in the previous theme and may not be needed here.

• Consider including a quote after the first paragraph of the theme to strengthen the participants' perspectives. Then, instead of explaining the quote (lines 292–294), a summary, such as 'addressing the patient directly rather than talking to an assistant,' might add clarity.

• Paragraph 7 (line 304) and its associated quote repeat information from the previous theme on training, which may lead to redundancy.

Ability to Reach, Availability and Accommodation

• The second paragraph could be restructured for clarity, focusing on the information flow. Here’s a suggested revision: 'Participants regularly cited transportation as a significant barrier due to both availability and cost, particularly in rural and peri-urban areas where primary health facilities are often distant from people’s homes. In these regions, challenging terrain, such as rocky or sandy roads, made travel difficult for those with physical or visual impairments. Even in urban settings, narrow and uneven pavements limited accessibility for people with disabilities.

• After this paragraph, consider grouping insights by topic: first, discuss transportation costs, then accessibility challenges, and finally, explore solutions, including those appropriately reported as loss of dignity or challenging (e.g. asking for money).

• In paragraph 8 (line 390), results are presented in the present tense rather than the past, which may disrupt consistency. Also, rather than a detailed example, consider a summarized version to contextualize the quote more effectively.

• In paragraph 11 (line 422), 'Participants called for Braille on medication packets and bottles,' would read more clearly with the addition of 'and suggested other simple solutions, such as…

• On line 434, confirm if ‘This increased risk and stress’ is participant-reported.

• Lines 439-440 contain repetitive language: ‘There were calls’ appears twice and could be changed for fluency.

• To avoid redundancy, consider removing detailed descriptions of disability assessment procedures (lines 444-448).

• In the final paragraph of this theme, ‘people’ is mentioned but it’s unclear who this refers to —clarifying this term would improve understanding.

Ability to pay, affordability

• In the second paragraph, delete 'In addition to issues with transport cost, discussed above,' as it’s close enough to refer back without additional prompting.

• Subheadings within this theme, such as 'Social Support,' 'Medication Affordability,' and 'Service Affordability,' may also help guide the reader through key points.

Ability to engage, appropriateness

• On line 484, consider whether the 'medical or social view of disability' is a reported outcome from participants or a conclusion drawn from results.

• At the end of page 20 (line 492), add an 's' to the end of 'condition' to maintain grammatical accuracy.

• In the third paragraph of this theme, the example of training by NGOs would be more suitable in the discussion.

• In the subsequent paragraph, clarify if the information about the government is reported by participants or drawn from literature (if the latter, it should be included in the discussion instead).

Discussion

• The discussion could start with a concise summary of findings that directly addresses the study’s objectives. Consider restructuring to better highlight where this study’s findings align or diverge from previous literature. Currently, literature alignment is acknowledged but not explained, so expanding on this could enrich the discussion. Additionally, incorporating the points identified for discussion during the results presentation would provide valuable context here.

Strengths and limitations

• This section is well-articulated, with clearly acknowledged limitations. I recommend including the limitation regarding caregiver proxies as noted earlier in this review. Additionally, the final statement would benefit from a more nuanced reflection on gender roles: although women are recognized as the primary caregivers, this largely reflects a broader, patriarchal social structure rather than a unique factor within this context.

• The observed underrepresentation of male caregivers may be linked to limited paternal involvement in child-rearing, which has implications for children with disabilities. Research in high-income countries (HICs) suggests that when fathers are less involved, it can negatively affect early child development—a critical stage for children with disabilities, where many intervention programs are focused.

• In terms of access, this gender perspective reveals how barriers faced by women in accessing healthcare may indirectly restrict children’s access as well. Women, who often advocate for their children in healthcare settings, may find their voices overlooked or mistreated, potentially hindering timely and appropriate care for children with disabilities.

Reviewer #2: The authors conducted a qualitative research study in which they performed in-depth interviews about healthcare access for people with disability with 48 participants, including 16 adults with disabilities, 16 caregivers of children with disabilities, 12 primary healthcare professionals, and four key informants from government and civil society. Participants were recruited from three districts in Lusaka Province: Lusaka, Chongwe, and Kafue. Key themes were mapped against the Levesque framework of healthcare access, and the authors presented various key findings regarding the difficulties faced by this population in that specific area of Zambia.

This work presents novel and valuable findings and offers insights into how institutions in Zambia can effectively approach and enhance healthcare systems to improve accessibility, approachability, and acceptability, among other factors. It is well written and contributes significantly to the field. I commend the authors for their demonstration of cultural humility in the reflexivity section of the paper, where they emphasize how a diverse group of authors can contribute to the advancement of the academic field, and I was also impressed by their acknowledgment of the challenges in their study, particularly regarding the lead author's background, along with their efforts to address these issues. Below are a few comments listed.

Comments

• The sample characteristics in Table 1 could include the primary language spoken or the language in which the interviews were conducted. It would also be beneficial to add the ages of caregivers, healthcare professionals, and key informants.

• Could you expand on the process of developing the interview guides and indicate whether there were differences among the guides used for different groups or languages?

• It is stated that the interviews were conducted in English, Cinyanja, or Icibemba. Could you explain and provide data on how many interviews were conducted in each language and describe the process for determining when interviews would be conducted in English?

• In the methods section, it is mentioned that “ …authors developed a coding framework, with transcripts coded in NVivo 12 by NS.” Could you clarify whether NS was the only coder? Additionally, could you specify whether an intercoder reliability process was followed, and if so, provide information regarding this?

• The methods section states that “two adults with disabilities were interviewed with a caregiver providing a proxy response.” Could you please explain the interview process involving proxy responses in more detail?

• It would be beneficial to present the sex of the respondents along with the quotes.

• Lastly, the paper would benefit from increased diversity and quantity in the quotes used, as not all ideas discussed in the text are supported by the evidence presented, either in the main text or the supplementary material, such as experiences with the disability identity card from ZAPD or the role of traditional healers. Furthermore, almost half of the quotes come from caregivers.

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6. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean? ). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No

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[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]

While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.

Revision 1

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Response to reviewers.docx
Decision Letter - Jennifer Tucker, Editor

PGPH-D-24-02425R1

Access to healthcare for people with disabilities in Zambia: a qualitative study

PLOS Global Public Health

Dear Dr. Scherer,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS Global Public Health. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS Global Public Health’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

Please respond to Reviewer 2's comments regarding the use of a single coder, and any literature to support this approach in your study design.

Please submit your revised manuscript by Feb 15 2025 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at globalpubhealth@plos.org. When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pgph/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:

  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.
  • A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.
  • An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.

Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Jennifer Tucker, PhD

Staff Editor

PLOS Global Public Health

Journal Requirements:

Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.

Additional Editor Comments (if provided):

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #1: All comments have been addressed

Reviewer #2: All comments have been addressed

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2. Does this manuscript meet PLOS Global Public Health’s publication criteria ? Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? The manuscript must describe methodologically and ethically rigorous research with conclusions that are appropriately drawn based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: N/A

Reviewer #2: N/A

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available (please refer to the Data Availability Statement at the start of the manuscript PDF file)?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception. The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS Global Public Health does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: I appreciate the authors' efforts in addressing the comments provided. While they chose not to implement certain suggestions, the manuscript is now well-structured and offers broader and more comprehensive conclusions. Congratulations on this valuable work and for amplifying the voices of people with disabilities—an essential contribution to public health research and advocacy.

Reviewer #2: I appreciate the authors' efforts in incorporating the feedback into their work. This paper has many strengths and effectively highlights the voices and issues crucial to people with disabilities in Zambia. The importance of conducting this work cannot be overstated, as it sheds light on often-overlooked perspectives and challenges.

My main concern, however, is the lack of a second coder, which could affect the reliability of the findings. While the authors regularly discussed the coding process, which may be sufficient to ensure reliability, I wonder if you could find additional support in the literature for the use of a single coder.

Overall, this paper makes a valuable contribution to the field, advancing our understanding of disability-related issues in Zambia and offering important insights for future research and policy development.

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7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean? ). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No

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[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]

While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.

Revision 2

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Response to reviewers_2025.docx
Decision Letter - Julia Robinson, Editor

Access to healthcare for people with disabilities in Zambia: a qualitative study

PGPH-D-24-02425R2

Dear Dr Scherer,

We are pleased to inform you that your manuscript 'Access to healthcare for people with disabilities in Zambia: a qualitative study' has been provisionally accepted for publication in PLOS Global Public Health.

Before your manuscript can be formally accepted you will need to complete some formatting changes, which you will receive in a follow up email. A member of our team will be in touch with a set of requests.

Please note that your manuscript will not be scheduled for publication until you have made the required changes, so a swift response is appreciated.

IMPORTANT: The editorial review process is now complete. PLOS will only permit corrections to spelling, formatting or significant scientific errors from this point onwards. Requests for major changes, or any which affect the scientific understanding of your work, will cause delays to the publication date of your manuscript.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team as soon as possible -- no later than 48 hours after receiving the formal acceptance. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information, please contact globalpubhealth@plos.org.

Thank you again for supporting Open Access publishing; we are looking forward to publishing your work in PLOS Global Public Health.

Best regards,

Julia Robinson

Executive Editor

PLOS Global Public Health

***********************************************************

Reviewer Comments (if any, and for reference):

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #1: All comments have been addressed

Reviewer #2: All comments have been addressed

**********

2. Does this manuscript meet PLOS Global Public Health’s publication criteria ? Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? The manuscript must describe methodologically and ethically rigorous research with conclusions that are appropriately drawn based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: N/A

Reviewer #2: N/A

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available (please refer to the Data Availability Statement at the start of the manuscript PDF file)?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception. The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS Global Public Health does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: I think the article is ready for publication.

Reviewer #2: I appreciate the authors' thorough efforts in addressing the provided comments. The manuscript now presents clearer and more comprehensive conclusions. Congratulations on this important contribution to public health research and advocacy, particularly in amplifying the voices of people with disabilities.

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7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean? ). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No

**********

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