About the Authors

Gorik Ooms

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

gooms@itg.be

Affiliations Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Yibeltal Assefa

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Salome Charalambous

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa

Ter Tiero Elias Dah

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University Ledea Bernard Ouedraogo of Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

Kristof Decoster

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Bouke de Jong

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Bernadette Hensen

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Ryuichi Komatsu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Interfaculty Initiative in Planetary Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Natama Hamtandi Magloire

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Ellen M.H. Mitchell

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Thijs Reyniers

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Anna Rosanas-Urgell

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Maria-Belen Tarrafeta-Sayas

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Halidou Tinto

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Alan Whiteside

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, Canada, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Raffaella Ravinetto

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

Competing Interests

Ryuichi Komatsu worked for the Global Fund until 2023. The authors have declared that no other competing interests exist. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.