About the Authors

Jacquie Narotso Oliwa

Contributed equally to this work with: Jacquie Narotso Oliwa, Rosanna Jeffries Mazhar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

joliwa@kemri-wellcome.org (JNO); rosanna.mazhar@ndm.ox.ac.uk (RJM)

Affiliations Department of Health Systems & Research Ethics, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Rosanna Jeffries Mazhar

Contributed equally to this work with: Jacquie Narotso Oliwa, Rosanna Jeffries Mazhar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

joliwa@kemri-wellcome.org (JNO); rosanna.mazhar@ndm.ox.ac.uk (RJM)

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Medicine, Health Systems Collaborative, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

George Serem

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Systems & Research Ethics, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya

Karima Khalid

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania

Patrick Amoth

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of the Director General, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya

Helen Kiarie

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya

Osman Warfa

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of the Director General, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya

Carl Otto Schell

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Nyköping Hospital, Nyköping, Sweden

Tim Baker

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Mike English

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Systems & Research Ethics, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Health Systems Collaborative, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jacob Mcknight

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Medicine, Health Systems Collaborative, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: TB: Technical consultancies with UNICEF, the World Bank, USAID and the Wellcome Trust, all outside the submitted work. ME: Financial competing interests – Grants from Wellcome and NIHR UK for research on hospital care in Kenya. Non-financial interest – Advisory roles for: WHO, Academy of Medical Sciences (UK), UKRI The other authors have no competing interests to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.