About the Authors

Jee Young Kim

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jee.young.kim@duke.edu

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Alifia Hasan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Katherine C. Kellogg

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

William Ratliff

Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Sara G. Murray

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Harini Suresh

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America

Alexandra Valladares

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Community representative, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Keo Shaw

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation FDA Regulatory Group, DLA Piper, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Danny Tobey

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation AI and Data Analytics, DLA Piper, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

David E. Vidal

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Mark A. Lifson

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Manesh Patel

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Inioluwa Deborah Raji

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Michael Gao

Roles Conceptualization, Validation

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

William Knechtle

Roles Validation

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Linda Tang

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Suresh Balu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Mark P. Sendak

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

WR, MG, SB, and MPS have declared co-inventing software at Duke University licensed by Duke University to external commercial entities Clinetic, Cohere Med, Kela Health, and Fullsteam Health. MG, SB, and MPS also own equity in Clinetic. No other competing interests were declared.