The movement of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can appear chaotic and haphazard. However, Z-projection of images captured by video microscopy reveals the rhythmic patterns underlying this chaos (see McCoy et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003066). By overlaying a heat map (based on pixel density), the paths parasites take as they move across a surface are vividly highlighted, revealing the three simple types of motility that create such complexity. So-called "twirling" motility appears as bright, starlike shapes; "circular" as looped rings; and "helical" motility as long links of chain.
Image Credit: James M. McCoy, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research/Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne.
Opinion
A View on the Role of Epigenetics in the Biology of Malaria Parasites
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002943
Pearls
Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Induction of Cerebral Malaria: Lessons from Experimental Murine Models
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003045
News from the Fungal Front: Wall Proteome Dynamics and Host–Pathogen Interplay
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003050
Zinc Exploitation by Pathogenic Fungi
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003034
Parallels in Intercellular Communication in Oomycete and Fungal Pathogens of Plants and Humans
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003028
Morphogenesis in Fungal Pathogenicity: Shape, Size, and Surface
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003027
Reviews
Virus-Encoded microRNAs: An Overview and a Look to the Future
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003018
Emerging Roles for the Influenza A Virus Nuclear Export Protein (NEP)
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Research Articles
The Calmodulin-like Calcium Binding Protein EhCaBP3 of Entamoeba histolytica Regulates Phagocytosis and Is Involved in Actin Dynamics
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003055
Hsp90 Orchestrates Transcriptional Regulation by Hsf1 and Cell Wall Remodelling by MAPK Signalling during Thermal Adaptation in a Pathogenic Yeast
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003069
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in FVB Mouse Produces Hemorrhagic Disease
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003073
Global Gene Transcriptome Analysis in Vaccinated Cattle Revealed a Dominant Role of IL-22 for Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003077
A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003083
Inhibition of a NEDD8 Cascade Restores Restriction of HIV by APOBEC3G
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003085
Botulinum Neurotoxins A and E Undergo Retrograde Axonal Transport in Primary Motor Neurons
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003087
Components of Selection in the Evolution of the Influenza Virus: Linkage Effects Beat Inherent Selection
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003091
Nasal Colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus Depends upon Clumping Factor B Binding to the Squamous Epithelial Cell Envelope Protein Loricrin
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003092
Central Nervous System Compartmentalization of HIV-1 Subtype C Variants Early and Late in Infection in Young Children
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003094
An Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded Inhibitor of Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Signaling Is an Important Determinant for Acute and Persistent EBV Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003095
Statins Decrease Neuroinflammation and Prevent Cognitive Impairment after Cerebral Malaria
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003099
p12 Tethers the Murine Leukemia Virus Pre-integration Complex to Mitotic Chromosomes
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003103
Messenger RNA Sequence Rather than Protein Sequence Determines the Level of Self-synthesis and Antigen Presentation of the EBV-encoded Antigen, EBNA1
PLOS Pathogens: published December 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003112
Bidirectional Transfer of RNAi between Honey Bee and Varroa destructor: Varroa Gene Silencing Reduces Varroa Population
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003035
Blood Flukes Exploit Peyer's Patch Lymphoid Tissue to Facilitate Transmission from the Mammalian Host
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003063
Transmission of Equine Influenza Virus during an Outbreak Is Characterized by Frequent Mixed Infections and Loose Transmission Bottlenecks
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003081
COX5B Regulates MAVS-mediated Antiviral Signaling through Interaction with ATG5 and Repressing ROS Production
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003086
Human Tetherin Exerts Strong Selection Pressure on the HIV-1 Group N Vpu Protein
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003093
4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase PptT, a New Drug Target Required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Persistence In Vivo
PLOS Pathogens: published December 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003097
How the Fly Balances Its Ability to Combat Different Pathogens
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002970
RelAp43, a Member of the NF-κB Family Involved in Innate Immune Response against Lyssavirus Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003060
Influenza Infection Rates, Measurement Errors and the Interpretation of Paired Serology
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003061
Block of Death-Receptor Apoptosis Protects Mouse Cytomegalovirus from Macrophages and Is a Determinant of Virulence in Immunodeficient Hosts
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003062
Antigenic Subversion: A Novel Mechanism of Host Immune Evasion by Ebola Virus
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003065
The Polyfunctionality of Human Memory CD8+ T Cells Elicited by Acute and Chronic Virus Infections Is Not Influenced by Age
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003076
VipD of Legionella pneumophila Targets Activated Rab5 and Rab22 to Interfere with Endosomal Trafficking in Macrophages
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003082
The Nuclear Chaperone Nucleophosmin Escorts an Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen to Establish Transcriptional Cascades for Latent Infection in Human B Cells
PLOS Pathogens: published December 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003084
Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003037
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GABAergic Signaling Is Linked to a Hypermigratory Phenotype in Dendritic Cells Infected by Toxoplasma gondii
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003051
The Initial Draining Lymph Node Primes the Bulk of the CD8 T Cell Response and Influences Memory T Cell Trafficking after a Systemic Viral Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003054
Three-Dimensional Architecture and Biogenesis of Membrane Structures Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Replication
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003056
Influenza Human Monoclonal Antibody 1F1 Interacts with Three Major Antigenic Sites and Residues Mediating Human Receptor Specificity in H1N1 Viruses
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003067
Identification of an Acinetobacter baumannii Zinc Acquisition System that Facilitates Resistance to Calprotectin-mediated Zinc Sequestration
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003068
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Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Lacking the Pathogenicity Island-2 Type 3 Secretion System Grow to High Bacterial Numbers inside Phagocytes in Mice
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003070
MiniCD4 Microbicide Prevents HIV Infection of Human Mucosal Explants and Vaginal Transmission of SHIV162P3 in Cynomolgus Macaques
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003071
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Causes Epithelial Cell Necrosis through an Autoprocessing-Independent Mechanism
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003072
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Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Brugia pahangi Survivorship in Aedes polynesiensis with Artificial Wolbachia Infection Types
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003075
The GM2 Glycan Serves as a Functional Coreceptor for Serotype 1 Reovirus
PLOS Pathogens: published December 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003078
TgCDPK3 Regulates Calcium-Dependent Egress of Toxoplasma gondii from Host Cells
PLOS Pathogens: published December 4, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003066