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Table of Contents

February 2012

Cover

Predatory Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus bacteria invade the periplasm of other Gram-negative "prey" bacteria.

Issue Image

The action of predatorily specialized, PBP4-like peptidoglycan-endopeptidase enzymes of Bdellovibrio modifies and rounds the prey cell wall. This prevents wasteful double invasion of already occupied prey bacteria by subsequent Bdellovibrio. Electron microscopy shows two predatory Bdellovibrio bacteria outside of two rounded E. coli prey "bdelloplasts" previously invaded by the crescent-shaped Bdellovibrio seen within. Cells were negatively strained with phosphotungstic acid (see Lerner et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002524).

Image Credit: Thomas Lerner, University of Nottingham and Prefectural University of Hiroshima

Opinion

The Role of Animal Models for Research on Severe Malaria

Alister G. Craig, Georges E. Grau, Chris Janse, James W. Kazura, Dan Milner, John W. Barnwell, Gareth Turner, Jean Langhorne, on behalf of the participants of the Hinxton Retreat meeting on “Animal Models for Research on Severe Malaria”

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002401

Pearls

Population Genetic Analyses Reveal the African Origin and Strain Variation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Anastasia P. Litvintseva, Thomas G. Mitchell

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002495

Five Questions about Viral Trafficking in Neurons

L. W. Enquist

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002472

How Do Microbial Pathogens Make CENs?

Kaustuv Sanyal

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002463

Selecting an Invertebrate Model Host for the Study of Fungal Pathogenesis

Athanasios Desalermos, Beth Burgwyn Fuchs, Eleftherios Mylonakis

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002451

Review

Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infection

Andrzej Pawlowski, Marianne Jansson, Markus Sköld, Martin E. Rottenberg, Gunilla Källenius

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002464

Research Articles

Novel Transmembrane Receptor Involved in Phagosome Transport of Lysozymes and β-Hexosaminidase in the Enteric Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica

Atsushi Furukawa, Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui, Tomoyoshi Nozaki

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002539

Transient Reversal of Episome Silencing Precedes VP16-Dependent Transcription during Reactivation of Latent HSV-1 in Neurons

Ju Youn Kim, Angelo Mandarino, Moses V. Chao, Ian Mohr, Angus C. Wilson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002540

Nonequivalence of Classical MHC Class I Loci in Ability to Direct Effective Antiviral Immunity

Kevin D. Pavelko, Yanice Mendez-Fernandez, Michael P. Bell, Michael J. Hansen, Aaron J. Johnson, Chella S. David, Moses Rodriguez, Larry R. Pease

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002541

ChLae1 and ChVel1 Regulate T-toxin Production, Virulence, Oxidative Stress Response, and Development of the Maize Pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus

Dongliang Wu, Shinichi Oide, Ning Zhang, May Yee Choi, B. Gillian Turgeon

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002542

The Invasive Capacity of HPV Transformed Cells Requires the hDlg-Dependent Enhancement of SGEF/RhoG Activity

Vanitha Krishna Subbaiah, Paola Massimi, Siaw Shi Boon, Michael P. Myers, Lisa Sharek, Rafael Garcia-Mata, Lawrence Banks

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002543

Early Priming Minimizes the Age-Related Immune Compromise of CD8+ T Cell Diversity and Function

Sophie A. Valkenburg, Vanessa Venturi, Thurston H. Y. Dang, Nicola L. Bird, Peter C. Doherty, Stephen J. Turner, Miles P. Davenport, Katherine Kedzierska

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002544

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Early Priming Minimizes the Age-Related Immune Compromise of CD8+ T Cell Diversity and Function

The Legionella pneumophila Effector VipA Is an Actin Nucleator That Alters Host Cell Organelle Trafficking

Irina Saraiva Franco, Nadim Shohdy, Howard A. Shuman

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002546

The Relative Importance of Innate Immune Priming in Wolbachia-Mediated Dengue Interference

Edwige Rancès, Yixin H. Ye, Megan Woolfit, Elizabeth A. McGraw, Scott L. O'Neill

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002548

Transcriptional Activation of the Adenoviral Genome Is Mediated by Capsid Protein VI

Sabrina Schreiner, Ruben Martinez, Peter Groitl, Fabienne Rayne, Remi Vaillant, Peter Wimmer, Guillaume Bossis, Thomas Sternsdorf, Lisa Marcinowski, Zsolt Ruzsics, Thomas Dobner, Harald Wodrich

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002549

The Ebola Virus Interferon Antagonist VP24 Directly Binds STAT1 and Has a Novel, Pyramidal Fold

Adrianna P. P. Zhang, Zachary A. Bornholdt, Tong Liu, Dafna M. Abelson, David E. Lee, Sheng Li, Virgil L. Woods Jr, Erica Ollmann Saphire

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002550

Related Articles

  1. Correction: The Ebola Virus Interferon Antagonist VP24 Directly Binds STAT1 and Has a Novel, Pyramidal Fold

Depletion of Dendritic Cells Enhances Innate Anti-Bacterial Host Defense through Modulation of Phagocyte Homeostasis

Stella E. Autenrieth, Philipp Warnke, Guido H. Wabnitz, Cecilia Lucero Estrada, Karina A. Pasquevich, Doreen Drechsler, Manina Günter, Kristin Hochweller, Ana Novakovic, Sandra Beer-Hammer, Yvonne Samstag, Günter J. Hämmerling, Natalio Garbi, Ingo B. Autenrieth

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002552

A P-loop Mutation in Gα Subunits Prevents Transition to the Active State: Implications for G-protein Signaling in Fungal Pathogenesis

Dustin E. Bosch, Francis S. Willard, Ravikrishna Ramanujam, Adam J. Kimple, Melinda D. Willard, Naweed I. Naqvi, David P. Siderovski

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002553

A Putative Homologue of CDC20/CDH1 in the Malaria Parasite Is Essential for Male Gamete Development

David S. Guttery, David J. P. Ferguson, Benoit Poulin, Zhengyao Xu, Ursula Straschil, Onny Klop, Lev Solyakov, Sara M. Sandrini, Declan Brady, Conrad A. Nieduszynski, Chris J. Janse, Anthony A. Holder, Andrew B. Tobin, Rita Tewari

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002554

Related Articles

  1. Correction: A Putative Homologue of CDC20/CDH1 in the Malaria Parasite Is Essential for Male Gamete Development

Characterization of Monomeric Intermediates during VSV Glycoprotein Structural Transition

Aurélie A. Albertini, Cécile Mérigoux, Sonia Libersou, Karine Madiona, Stéphane Bressanelli, Stéphane Roche, Jean Lepault, Ronald Melki, Patrice Vachette, Yves Gaudin

PLOS Pathogens: published February 23, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002556

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpP1 and ClpP2 Function Together in Protein Degradation and Are Required for Viability in vitro and During Infection

Ravikiran M. Raju, Meera Unnikrishnan, Daniel H. F. Rubin, Vidhya Krishnamoorthy, Olga Kandror, Tatos N. Akopian, Alfred L. Goldberg, Eric J. Rubin

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002511

Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Infective Dose and Virulence in Human Parasites

Helen C. Leggett, Charlie K. Cornwallis, Stuart A. West

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002512

Concerted Actions of a Thermo-labile Regulator and a Unique Intergenic RNA Thermosensor Control Yersinia Virulence

Katja Böhme, Rebekka Steinmann, Jens Kortmann, Stephanie Seekircher, Ann Kathrin Heroven, Evelin Berger, Fabio Pisano, Tanja Thiermann, Hans Wolf-Watz, Franz Narberhaus, Petra Dersch

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002518

Portrait of Candida albicans Adherence Regulators

Jonathan S. Finkel, Wenjie Xu, David Huang, Elizabeth M. Hill, Jigar V. Desai, Carol A. Woolford, Jeniel E. Nett, Heather Taff, Carmelle T. Norice, David R. Andes, Frederick Lanni, Aaron P. Mitchell

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002525

Behavioral and Immune Responses to Infection Require Gαq- RhoA Signaling in C. elegans

Rachel McMullan, Alexandra Anderson, Stephen Nurrish

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002530

Borrelia burgdorferi Requires the Alternative Sigma Factor RpoS for Dissemination within the Vector during Tick-to-Mammal Transmission

Star M. Dunham-Ems, Melissa J. Caimano, Christian H. Eggers, Justin D. Radolf

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002532

FOXO3 Regulates CD8 T Cell Memory by T Cell-Intrinsic Mechanisms

Jeremy A. Sullivan, Eui Ho Kim, Erin H. Plisch, Stanford L. Peng, M. Suresh

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002533

Introgression of Ivermectin Resistance Genes into a Susceptible Haemonchus contortus Strain by Multiple Backcrossing

Elizabeth Redman, Neil Sargison, Fiona Whitelaw, Frank Jackson, Alison Morrison, David Jon Bartley, John Stuart Gilleard

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002534

Efficient Capture of Infected Neutrophils by Dendritic Cells in the Skin Inhibits the Early Anti-Leishmania Response

Flavia L. Ribeiro-Gomes, Nathan C. Peters, Alain Debrabant, David L. Sacks

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002536

A Co-Opted DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Enhances Tombusvirus Plus-Strand Synthesis

Nikolay Kovalev, Judit Pogany, Peter D. Nagy

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002537

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Sequester High Prion Titres at Early Stages of Prion Infection

Rocio Castro-Seoane, Holger Hummerich, Trevor Sweeting, M. Howard Tattum, Jacqueline M. Linehan, Mar Fernandez de Marco, Sebastian Brandner, John Collinge, Peter-Christian Klöhn

PLOS Pathogens: published February 16, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002538

Substance P Causes Seizures in Neurocysticercosis

Prema Robinson, Armandina Garza, Joel Weinstock, Jose A. Serpa, Jerry Clay Goodman, Kristian T. Eckols, Bahrom Firozgary, David J. Tweardy

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002489

The TPR Domain in the Host Cyp40-like Cyclophilin Binds to the Viral Replication Protein and Inhibits the Assembly of the Tombusviral Replicase

Jing-Yi Lin, Venugopal Mendu, Judit Pogany, Jun Qin, Peter D. Nagy

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002491

Degradation of Cellular miR-27 by a Novel, Highly Abundant Viral Transcript Is Important for Efficient Virus Replication In Vivo

Lisa Marcinowski, Mélanie Tanguy, Astrid Krmpotic, Bernd Rädle, Vanda J. Lisnić, Lee Tuddenham, Béatrice Chane-Woon-Ming, Zsolt Ruzsics, Florian Erhard, Corinna Benkartek, Marina Babic, Ralf Zimmer, Joanne Trgovcich, Ulrich H. Koszinowski, Stipan Jonjic, Sébastien Pfeffer, Lars Dölken

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002510

The Arabidopsis Lectin Receptor Kinase LecRK-V.5 Represses Stomatal Immunity Induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

Marie Desclos-Theveniau, Dominique Arnaud, Ting-Yu Huang, Grace Jui-Chih Lin, Wei-Yen Chen, Yi-Chia Lin, Laurent Zimmerli

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002513

Genome-wide Transcriptional Profiling of Appressorium Development by the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Darren M. Soanes, Apratim Chakrabarti, Konrad H. Paszkiewicz, Angus L. Dawe, Nicholas J. Talbot

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002514

The B-Cell Specific Transcription Factor, Oct-2, Promotes Epstein-Barr Virus Latency by Inhibiting the Viral Immediate-Early Protein, BZLF1

Amanda R. Robinson, Swee Sen Kwek, Shannon C. Kenney

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002516

Essential Roles for Soluble Virion-Associated Heparan Sulfonated Proteoglycans and Growth Factors in Human Papillomavirus Infections

Zurab Surviladze, Agnieszka Dziduszko, Michelle A. Ozbun

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002519

Characterising the Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Experimental Human Hookworm Infection

Soraya Gaze, Henry J. McSorley, James Daveson, Di Jones, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Luciana M. Oliveira, Richard Speare, James S. McCarthy, Christian R. Engwerda, John Croese, Alex Loukas

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002520

Specialized Peptidoglycan Hydrolases Sculpt the Intra-bacterial Niche of Predatory Bdellovibrio and Increase Population Fitness

Thomas R. Lerner, Andrew L. Lovering, Nhat Khai Bui, Kaoru Uchida, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, Waldemar Vollmer, R. Elizabeth Sockett

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002524

Different Chitin Synthase Genes Are Required for Various Developmental and Plant Infection Processes in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Ling-An Kong, Jun Yang, Guo-Tian Li, Lin-Lu Qi, Yu-Jun Zhang, Chen-Fang Wang, Wen-Sheng Zhao, Jin-Rong Xu, You-Liang Peng

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002526

Structural and Functional Insights into the Pilotin-Secretin Complex of the Type II Secretion System

Shuang Gu, Saima Rehman, Xiaohui Wang, Vladimir E. Shevchik, Richard W. Pickersgill

PLOS Pathogens: published February 9, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002531

Discrete Cyclic di-GMP-Dependent Control of Bacterial Predation versus Axenic Growth in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Laura Hobley, Rowena K. Y. Fung, Carey Lambert, Maximilian A. T. S. Harris, Jayesh M. Dabhi, Simon S. King, Sarah M. Basford, Kaoru Uchida, Robert Till, Rashidah Ahmad, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, Mark Gomelsky, R. Elizabeth Sockett

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002493

Viral Cyclins Mediate Separate Phases of Infection by Integrating Functions of Distinct Mammalian Cyclins

Katherine S. Lee, Andrea L. Suarez, David J. Claypool, Taylor K. Armstrong, Erin M. Buckingham, Linda F. van Dyk

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002496

Enhancement of Chemokine Function as an Immunomodulatory Strategy Employed by Human Herpesviruses

Abel Viejo-Borbolla, Nadia Martinez-Martín, Hendrik J. Nel, Patricia Rueda, Rocío Martín, Soledad Blanco, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Marcus Thelen, Padraic G. Fallon, Antonio Alcamí

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002497

Msb2 Shedding Protects Candida albicans against Antimicrobial Peptides

Eva Szafranski-Schneider, Marc Swidergall, Fabien Cottier, Denis Tielker, Elvira Román, Jesus Pla, Joachim F. Ernst

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002501

Immune Subversion and Quorum-Sensing Shape the Variation in Infectious Dose among Bacterial Pathogens

João Alves Gama, Sophie S. Abby, Sara Vieira-Silva, Francisco Dionisio, Eduardo P. C. Rocha

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002503

The CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitory Pathways Independently Regulate Host Resistance to Plasmodium-induced Acute Immune Pathology

Julius Clemence R. Hafalla, Carla Claser, Kevin N. Couper, Georges Emile Grau, Laurent Renia, J. Brian de Souza, Eleanor M. Riley

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002504

Genetic Pathway in Acquisition and Loss of Vancomycin Resistance in a Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strain of Clonal Type USA300

Susana Gardete, Choonkeun Kim, Boris M. Hartmann, Michael Mwangi, Christelle M. Roux, Paul M. Dunman, Henry F. Chambers, Alexander Tomasz

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002505

Absence of HIV-1 Evolution in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue from Patients on Combination Antiviral Therapy Initiated during Primary Infection

Teresa H. Evering, Saurabh Mehandru, Paul Racz, Klara Tenner-Racz, Michael A. Poles, Amir Figueroa, Hiroshi Mohri, Martin Markowitz

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002506

Phagosomal Rupture by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Results in Toxicity and Host Cell Death

Roxane Simeone, Alexandre Bobard, Juliane Lippmann, Wilbert Bitter, Laleh Majlessi, Roland Brosch, Jost Enninga

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002507

Viral Mediated Redirection of NEMO/IKKγ to Autophagosomes Curtails the Inflammatory Cascade

Patricia M. Fliss, Tali Pechenick Jowers, Melanie M. Brinkmann, Barbara Holstermann, Claudia Mack, Paul Dickinson, Heinrich Hohenberg, Peter Ghazal, Wolfram Brune

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002517

Biochemical Properties of Highly Neuroinvasive Prion Strains

Cyrus Bett, Shivanjali Joshi-Barr, Melanie Lucero, Margarita Trejo, Pawel Liberski, Jeffery W. Kelly, Eliezer Masliah, Christina J. Sigurdson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002522

A Bacterial Acetyltransferase Destroys Plant Microtubule Networks and Blocks Secretion

Amy Huei-Yi Lee, Brenden Hurley, Corinna Felsensteiner, Carmen Yea, Wenzislava Ckurshumova, Verena Bartetzko, Pauline W. Wang, Van Quach, Jennifer D. Lewis, Yulu C. Liu, Frederik Börnke, Stephane Angers, Andrew Wilde, David S. Guttman, Darrell Desveaux

PLOS Pathogens: published February 2, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002523