September 2010

Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells expressing the HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein. The picture shows the accumulation of Vpr (red) into discrete foci dispersed in the nucleus (the nuclear membrane is delineated by an anti-nucleoporin staining shown in blue). These foci contain the E3 ubiquitin ligase component VprBP (Vpr-binding protein, DCAF1), associate with chromatin, and display rapid saltatory movement inside the nucleus. Interference with the formation or function of these subnuclear structures through genetic manipulations or other means inevitably impairs the induction of G2/M arrest by Vpr, demonstrating their critical contributions to the cytostatic properties of the viral protein (see Belzile et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001080).

Image Credit: Levon G. Abrahamyan, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)

Opinion

Breaking the Stereotype: Virulence Factor–Mediated Protection of Host Cells in Bacterial Pathogenesis

Stephanie R. Shames, B. Brett Finlay

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001057

Pearls

Are Members of the Fungal Genus Pneumocystis (a) Commensals; (b) Opportunists; (c) Pathogens; or (d) All of the Above?

Melanie T. Cushion

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001009

Reviews

Sequestration and Tissue Accumulation of Human Malaria Parasites: Can We Learn Anything from Rodent Models of Malaria?

Blandine Franke-Fayard, Jannik Fonager, Anneke Braks, Shahid M. Khan, Chris J. Janse

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001032

The Coevolution of Virulence: Tolerance in Perspective

Tom J. Little, David M. Shuker, Nick Colegrave, Troy Day, Andrea L. Graham

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001006

Research Articles

Structure of the Extracellular Portion of CD46 Provides Insights into Its Interactions with Complement Proteins and Pathogens

B. David Persson, Nikolaus B. Schmitz, César Santiago, Georg Zocher, Mykol Larvie, Ulrike Scheu, José M. Casasnovas, Thilo Stehle

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001122

Phylogenetic Approach Reveals That Virus Genotype Largely Determines HIV Set-Point Viral Load

Samuel Alizon, Viktor von Wyl, Tanja Stadler, Roger D. Kouyos, Sabine Yerly, Bernard Hirschel, Jürg Böni, Cyril Shah, Thomas Klimkait, Hansjakob Furrer, Andri Rauch, Pietro L. Vernazza, Enos Bernasconi, Manuel Battegay, Philippe Bürgisser, Amalio Telenti, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001123

HapX-Mediated Adaption to Iron Starvation Is Crucial for Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus

Markus Schrettl, Nicola Beckmann, John Varga, Thorsten Heinekamp, Ilse D. Jacobsen, Christoph Jöchl, Tarek A. Moussa, Shaohua Wang, Fabio Gsaller, Michael Blatzer, Ernst R. Werner, William C. Niermann, Axel A. Brakhage, Hubertus Haas

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001124

Molecular and Evolutionary Bases of Within-Patient Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity in Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Infections

Maxime Levert, Oana Zamfir, Olivier Clermont, Odile Bouvet, Sylvain Lespinats, Marie Claire Hipeaux, Catherine Branger, Bertrand Picard, Claude Saint-Ruf, Françoise Norel, Thierry Balliau, Michel Zivy, Hervé Le Nagard, Stéphane Cruvellier, Béatrice Chane-Woon-Ming, Susanna Nilsson, Ivana Gudelj, Katherine Phan, Thomas Ferenci, Olivier Tenaillon, Erick Denamur

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001125

Azole Drugs Are Imported By Facilitated Diffusion in Candida albicans and Other Pathogenic Fungi

Bryce E. Mansfield, Hanna N. Oltean, Brian G. Oliver, Samantha J. Hoot, Sarah E. Leyde, Lizbeth Hedstrom, Theodore C. White

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001126

The Length of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Particles Dictates a Need for Actin Assembly during Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis

David K. Cureton, Ramiro H. Massol, Sean P. J. Whelan, Tomas Kirchhausen

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001127

Pathogenic Bacteria Target NEDD8-Conjugated Cullins to Hijack Host-Cell Signaling Pathways

Grégory Jubelin, Frédéric Taieb, David M. Duda, Yun Hsu, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Rika Nobe, Marie Penary, Claude Watrin, Jean-Philippe Nougayrède, Brenda A. Schulman, C. Erec Stebbins, Eric Oswald

PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001128

Pathogen Specific, IRF3-Dependent Signaling and Innate Resistance to Human Kidney Infection

Hans Fischer, Nataliya Lutay, Bryndís Ragnarsdóttir, Manisha Yadav, Klas Jönsson, Alexander Urbano, Ahmed Al Hadad, Sebastian Rämisch, Petter Storm, Ulrich Dobrindt, Ellaine Salvador, Diana Karpman, Ulf Jodal, Catharina Svanborg

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001109

CpG-Methylation Regulates a Class of Epstein-Barr Virus Promoters

Martin Bergbauer, Markus Kalla, Anne Schmeinck, Christine Göbel, Ulrich Rothbauer, Sebastian Eck, Anna Benet-Pagès, Tim M. Strom, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001114

Involvement of the Cytokine MIF in the Snail Host Immune Response to the Parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Alvaro Baeza Garcia, Raymond J. Pierce, Benjamin Gourbal, Elisabeth Werkmeister, Dominique Colinet, Jean-Marc Reichhart, Colette Dissous, Christine Coustau

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001115

Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Chimpanzee Population Dynamics

Rebecca S. Rudicell, James Holland Jones, Emily E. Wroblewski, Gerald H. Learn, Yingying Li, Joel D. Robertson, Elizabeth Greengrass, Falk Grossmann, Shadrack Kamenya, Lilian Pintea, Deus C. Mjungu, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Anna Mosser, Clarence Lehman, D. Anthony Collins, Brandon F. Keele, Jane Goodall, Beatrice H. Hahn, Anne E. Pusey, Michael L. Wilson

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001116

HLA Class I Binding of HBZ Determines Outcome in HTLV-1 Infection

Aidan MacNamara, Aileen Rowan, Silva Hilburn, Ulrich Kadolsky, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Koichiro Suemori, Masaki Yasukawa, Graham Taylor, Charles R. M. Bangham, Becca Asquith

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001117

A Major Determinant of Cyclophilin Dependence and Cyclosporine Susceptibility of Hepatitis C Virus Identified by a Genetic Approach

Feng Yang, Jason M. Robotham, Henry Grise, Stephen Frausto, Vanesa Madan, Margarita Zayas, Ralf Bartenschlager, Margaret Robinson, Andrew E. Greenstein, Anita Nag, Timothy M. Logan, Ewa Bienkiewicz, Hengli Tang

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001118

A Family of Plasmodesmal Proteins with Receptor-Like Properties for Plant Viral Movement Proteins

Khalid Amari, Emmanuel Boutant, Christina Hofmann, Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger, Lourdes Fernandez-Calvino, Pascal Didier, Alexander Lerich, Jérome Mutterer, Carole L. Thomas, Manfred Heinlein, Yves Mély, Andrew J. Maule, Christophe Ritzenthaler

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001119

Inhibition of TIR Domain Signaling by TcpC: MyD88-Dependent and Independent Effects on Escherichia coli Virulence

Manisha Yadav, Jingyao Zhang, Hans Fischer, Wen Huang, Nataliya Lutay, Christine Cirl, Josephine Lum, Thomas Miethke, Catharina Svanborg

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001120

Ebolavirus Is Internalized into Host Cells via Macropinocytosis in a Viral Glycoprotein-Dependent Manner

Asuka Nanbo, Masaki Imai, Shinji Watanabe, Takeshi Noda, Kei Takahashi, Gabriele Neumann, Peter Halfmann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001121

The N-Terminal Domain of the Arenavirus L Protein Is an RNA Endonuclease Essential in mRNA Transcription

Benjamin Morin, Bruno Coutard, Michaela Lelke, François Ferron, Romy Kerber, Saïd Jamal, Antoine Frangeul, Cécile Baronti, Rémi Charrel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Clemens Vonrhein, Julien Lescar, Gérard Bricogne, Stephan Günther, Bruno Canard

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001038

Bunyaviridae RNA Polymerases (L-Protein) Have an N-Terminal, Influenza-Like Endonuclease Domain, Essential for Viral Cap-Dependent Transcription

Juan Reguera, Friedemann Weber, Stephen Cusack

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001101

A Bistable Switch and Anatomical Site Control Vibrio cholerae Virulence Gene Expression in the Intestine

Alex T. Nielsen, Nadia A. Dolganov, Thomas Rasmussen, Glen Otto, Michael C. Miller, Stephen A. Felt, Stéphanie Torreilles, Gary K. Schoolnik

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001102

Association of Tat with Promoters of PTEN and PP2A Subunits Is Key to Transcriptional Activation of Apoptotic Pathways in HIV-Infected CD4+ T Cells

Nayoung Kim, Sami Kukkonen, Sumeet Gupta, Anna Aldovini

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001103

Role of Acetyl-Phosphate in Activation of the Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS Pathway in Borrelia burgdorferi

Haijun Xu, Melissa J. Caimano, Tao Lin, Ming He, Justin D. Radolf, Steven J. Norris, Frank Gheradini, Alan J. Wolfe, X. Frank Yang

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001104

The HA and NS Genes of Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Contribute to High Virulence in Ferrets

Hirotaka Imai, Kyoko Shinya, Ryo Takano, Maki Kiso, Yukiko Muramoto, Saori Sakabe, Shin Murakami, Mutsumi Ito, Shinya Yamada, Mai thi Quynh Le, Chairul A. Nidom, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Kei Takahashi, Yasuyuki Omori, Takeshi Noda, Masayuki Shimojima, Satoshi Kakugawa, Hideo Goto, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Taisuke Horimoto, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001106

Rescue of HIV-1 Release by Targeting Widely Divergent NEDD4-Type Ubiquitin Ligases and Isolated Catalytic HECT Domains to Gag

Eric R. Weiss, Elena Popova, Hikaru Yamanaka, Hyung Cheol Kim, Jon M. Huibregtse, Heinrich Göttlinger

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001107

Generation of Genic Diversity among Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains via Horizontal Gene Transfer during a Chronic Polyclonal Pediatric Infection

N. Luisa Hiller, Azad Ahmed, Evan Powell, Darren P. Martin, Rory Eutsey, Josh Earl, Benjamin Janto, Robert J. Boissy, Justin Hogg, Karen Barbadora, Rangarajan Sampath, Shaun Lonergan, J. Christopher Post, Fen Z. Hu, Garth D. Ehrlich

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001108

Cellular Entry of Ebola Virus Involves Uptake by a Macropinocytosis-Like Mechanism and Subsequent Trafficking through Early and Late Endosomes

Mohammad F. Saeed, Andrey A. Kolokoltsov, Thomas Albrecht, Robert A. Davey

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001110

SRFR1 Negatively Regulates Plant NB-LRR Resistance Protein Accumulation to Prevent Autoimmunity

Yingzhong Li, Shuxin Li, Dongling Bi, Yu Ti Cheng, Xin Li, Yuelin Zhang

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001111

Polymorphisms in Anopheles gambiae Immune Genes Associated with Natural Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum

Caroline Harris, Louis Lambrechts, François Rousset, Luc Abate, Sandrine E. Nsango, Didier Fontenille, Isabelle Morlais, Anna Cohuet

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001112

Dynamics of the Multiplicity of Cellular Infection in a Plant Virus

Serafín Gutiérrez, Michel Yvon, Gaël Thébaud, Baptiste Monsion, Yannis Michalakis, Stéphane Blanc

PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001113

The Transcriptome of the Human Pathogen Trypanosoma brucei at Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Nikolay G. Kolev, Joseph B. Franklin, Shai Carmi, Huafang Shi, Shulamit Michaeli, Christian Tschudi

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001090

Phylogenomics of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Predicts Monepantel Effect

Lucien Rufener, Jennifer Keiser, Ronald Kaminsky, Pascal Mäser, Daniel Nilsson

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001091

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like Function Is Shared by the Beta- and Gamma- Subset of the Conserved Herpesvirus Protein Kinases

Chad V. Kuny, Karen Chinchilla, Michael R. Culbertson, Robert F. Kalejta

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001092

Metal Hyperaccumulation Armors Plants against Disease

Helen Fones, Calum A. R. Davis, Arantza Rico, Fang Fang, J. Andrew C. Smith, Gail M. Preston

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001093

A Novel Family of Toxoplasma IMC Proteins Displays a Hierarchical Organization and Functions in Coordinating Parasite Division

Josh R. Beck, Imilce A. Rodriguez-Fernandez, Jessica Cruz de Leon, My-Hang Huynh, Vern B. Carruthers, Naomi S. Morrissette, Peter J. Bradley

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001094

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity Controls the Onset of the HCMV Lytic Cycle

Martin Zydek, Christian Hagemeier, Lüder Wiebusch

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001096

The Microbiota Mediates Pathogen Clearance from the Gut Lumen after Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Diarrhea

Kathrin Endt, Bärbel Stecher, Samuel Chaffron, Emma Slack, Nicolas Tchitchek, Arndt Benecke, Laurye Van Maele, Jean-Claude Sirard, Andreas J. Mueller, Mathias Heikenwalder, Andrew J. Macpherson, Richard Strugnell, Christian von Mering, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001097

Steric Shielding of Surface Epitopes and Impaired Immune Recognition Induced by the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein

Joseph R. Francica, Angel Varela-Rohena, Andrew Medvec, Gabriela Plesa, James L. Riley, Paul Bates

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001098

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Promotes Uptake of Influenza A Viruses (IAV) into Host Cells

Thorsten Eierhoff, Eike R. Hrincius, Ursula Rescher, Stephan Ludwig, Christina Ehrhardt

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001099

High Content Phenotypic Cell-Based Visual Screen Identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acyltrehalose-Containing Glycolipids Involved in Phagosome Remodeling

Priscille Brodin, Yannick Poquet, Florence Levillain, Isabelle Peguillet, Gerald Larrouy-Maumus, Martine Gilleron, Fanny Ewann, Thierry Christophe, Denis Fenistein, Jichan Jang, Mi-Seon Jang, Sei-Jin Park, Jean Rauzier, Jean-Philippe Carralot, Rachel Shrimpton, Auguste Genovesio, Jesus A. Gonzalo-Asensio, Germain Puzo, Carlos Martin, Roland Brosch, Graham R. Stewart, Brigitte Gicquel, Olivier Neyrolles

PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001100

Formation of Mobile Chromatin-Associated Nuclear Foci Containing HIV-1 Vpr and VPRBP Is Critical for the Induction of G2 Cell Cycle Arrest

Jean-Philippe Belzile, Levon G. Abrahamyan, Francine C. A. Gérard, Nicole Rougeau, Éric A. Cohen

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001080

Structures of Receptor Complexes of a North American H7N2 Influenza Hemagglutinin with a Loop Deletion in the Receptor Binding Site

Hua Yang, Li-Mei Chen, Paul J. Carney, Ruben O. Donis, James Stevens

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001081

Generation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA of Hepatitis B Viruses via Intracellular Recycling Is Regulated in a Virus Specific Manner

Josef Köck, Christine Rösler, Jing-Jing Zhang, Hubert E. Blum, Michael Nassal, Christian Thoma

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001082

Surface Co-Expression of Two Different PfEMP1 Antigens on Single Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Facilitates Binding to ICAM1 and PECAM1

Louise Joergensen, Dominique C. Bengtsson, Anja Bengtsson, Elena Ronander, Sanne S. Berger, Louise Turner, Michael B. Dalgaard, Gerald K. K. Cham, Michala E. Victor, Thomas Lavstsen, Thor G. Theander, David E. Arnot, Anja T. R. Jensen

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001083

Generation of Neutralizing Antibodies and Divergence of SIVmac239 in Cynomolgus Macaques Following Short-Term Early Antiretroviral Therapy

Gülşen Özkaya Şahin, Emma J. Bowles, Joe Parker, Hannes Uchtenhagen, Enas Sheik-Khalil, Stephen Taylor, Oliver G. Pybus, Barbro Mäkitalo, Lilian Walther-Jallow, Mats Spångberg, Rigmor Thorstensson, Adnane Achour, Eva Maria Fenyö, Guillaume B. E. Stewart-Jones, Anna-Lena Spetz

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001084

HIV-1 gp41 and TCRα Trans-Membrane Domains Share a Motif Exploited by the HIV Virus to Modulate T-Cell Proliferation

Tomer Cohen, Shmuel Jaffe Cohen, Niv Antonovsky, Irun R. Cohen, Yechiel Shai

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001085

A Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus Entry

Carl J. Baldick, Michael J. Wichroski, Annapurna Pendri, Ann W. Walsh, Jie Fang, Charles E. Mazzucco, Kevin A. Pokornowski, Ronald E. Rose, Betsy J. Eggers, Mayla Hsu, Weixu Zhai, Guangzhi Zhai, Samuel W. Gerritz, Michael A. Poss, Nicholas A. Meanwell, Mark I. Cockett, Daniel J. Tenney

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001086

Intracellular Proton Conductance of the Hepatitis C Virus p7 Protein and Its Contribution to Infectious Virus Production

Ann L. Wozniak, Stephen Griffin, David Rowlands, Mark Harris, MinKyung Yi, Stanley M. Lemon, Steven A. Weinman

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001087

Two Genes on A/J Chromosome 18 Are Associated with Susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus Infection by Combined Microarray and QTL Analyses

Sun-Hee Ahn, Hitesh Deshmukh, Nicole Johnson, Lindsay G. Cowell, Thomas H. Rude, William K. Scott, Charlotte L. Nelson, Aimee K. Zaas, Douglas A. Marchuk, Sehoon Keum, Supaporn Lamlertthon, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Gregory D. Sempowski, Vance G. Fowler Jr

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001088

The Canine Papillomavirus and Gamma HPV E7 Proteins Use an Alternative Domain to Bind and Destabilize the Retinoblastoma Protein

Jingang Wang, Dan Zhou, Anjali Prabhu, Richard Schlegel, Hang Yuan

PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001089

Cover

Induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest by the HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) requires the formation of mobile chromatin-associated foci.

Opinion

Pearls

Reviews

Research Articles

Related Articles

Related Articles

Related Articles

Related Articles

Related Articles