April 2009

Mice deficient in Arginase-1 in macrophages (Arg1^-/flox; LysMcre) fail to downregulate the egg-induced inflammatory response when chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The Arg1^-/flox; LysMcre also develop severe liver fibrosis, as shown here by second harmonic emission confocal microscopy. The image shows extensive collagen deposition around schistosome eggs lodged in the liver (see Pesce et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000371).

Image Credit: Meggan Czapiga, John Pesce, and Tom Wynn, NIAID/NIH.

Opinions

Are Viruses Inhibited by APOBEC3 Molecules from Their Host Species?

Susan R. Ross

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000347

The Signal for Signaling, Found

Marcin Grynberg, Adam Godzik

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000398

Research Articles

Distinct Roles for FOXP3⁺ and FOXP3⁻ CD4⁺ T Cells in Regulating Cellular Immunity to Uncomplicated and Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Michael Walther, David Jeffries, Olivia C. Finney, Madi Njie, Augustine Ebonyi, Susanne Deininger, Emma Lawrence, Alfred Ngwa-Amambua, Shamanthi Jayasooriya, Ian H. Cheeseman, Natalia Gomez-Escobar, Joseph Okebe, David J. Conway, Eleanor M. Riley

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000364

Parasite-Dependent Expansion of TNF Receptor II–Positive Regulatory T Cells with Enhanced Suppressive Activity in Adults with Severe Malaria

Gabriela Minigo, Tonia Woodberry, Kim A. Piera, Ervi Salwati, Emiliana Tjitra, Enny Kenangalem, Ric N. Price, Christian R. Engwerda, Nicholas M. Anstey, Magdalena Plebanski

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000402

IP-10-Mediated T Cell Homing Promotes Cerebral Inflammation over Splenic Immunity to Malaria Infection

Catherine Q. Nie, Nicholas J. Bernard, M. Ursula Norman, Fiona H. Amante, Rachel J. Lundie, Brendan S. Crabb, William R. Heath, Christian R. Engwerda, Michael J. Hickey, Louis Schofield, Diana S. Hansen

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000369

Kinetics of Mosquito-Injected Plasmodium Sporozoites in Mice: Fewer Sporozoites Are Injected into Sporozoite-Immunized Mice

Chahnaz Kebaier, Tatiana Voza, Jerome Vanderberg

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000399

Haemonchus contortus Acetylcholine Receptors of the DEG-3 Subfamily and Their Role in Sensitivity to Monepantel

Lucien Rufener, Pascal Mäser, Isabel Roditi, Ronald Kaminsky

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000380

Identification of Proteins Targeted by the Thioredoxin Superfamily in Plasmodium falciparum

Nicole Sturm, Esther Jortzik, Boniface M. Mailu, Sasa Koncarevic, Marcel Deponte, Karl Forchhammer, Stefan Rahlfs, Katja Becker

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000383

The NOD/RIP2 Pathway Is Essential for Host Defenses Against Chlamydophila pneumoniae Lung Infection

Kenichi Shimada, Shuang Chen, Paul W. Dempsey, Rosalinda Sorrentino, Randa Alsabeh, Anatoly V. Slepenkin, Ellena Peterson, Terence M. Doherty, David Underhill, Timothy R. Crother, Moshe Arditi

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000379

Naturally Occurring Lipid A Mutants in Neisseria meningitidis from Patients with Invasive Meningococcal Disease Are Associated with Reduced Coagulopathy

Floris Fransen, Sebastiaan G. B. Heckenberg, Hendrik Jan Hamstra, Moniek Feller, Claire J. P. Boog, Jos P. M. van Putten, Diederik van de Beek, Arie van der Ende, Peter van der Ley

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000396

Sequence-Based Prediction of Type III Secreted Proteins

Roland Arnold, Stefan Brandmaier, Frederick Kleine, Patrick Tischler, Eva Heinz, Sebastian Behrens, Antti Niinikoski, Hans-Werner Mewes, Matthias Horn, Thomas Rattei

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000376

Synthetic Double-Stranded RNAs Are Adjuvants for the Induction of T Helper 1 and Humoral Immune Responses to Human Papillomavirus in Rhesus Macaques

Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Martin Eisenblätter, Edith Jasny, Tamara Rzehak, Klara Tenner-Racz, Christine Trumpfheller, Andres M. Salazar, Klaus Überla, Karen Nieto, Jürgen Kleinschmidt, Reiner Schulte, Lutz Gissmann, Martin Müller, Anna Sacher, Paul Racz, Ralph M. Steinman, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Ralf Ignatius

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000373

A Novel Bocavirus Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis in Australian Children

Jane L. Arthur, Geoffrey D. Higgins, Geoffrey P. Davidson, Rodney C. Givney, Rodney M. Ratcliff

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000391

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phagosome Is a HLA-I Processing Competent Organelle

Jeff E. Grotzke, Melanie J. Harriff, Anne C. Siler, Dawn Nolt, Jacob Delepine, Deborah A. Lewinsohn, David M. Lewinsohn

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000374

A Novel Role for Stat1 in Phagosome Acidification and Natural Host Resistance to Intracellular Infection by Leishmania major

Gerald F. Späth, Paul Schlesinger, Robert Schreiber, Stephen M. Beverley

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000381

Phasevarions Mediate Random Switching of Gene Expression in Pathogenic Neisseria

Yogitha N. Srikhanta, Stefanie J. Dowideit, Jennifer L. Edwards, Megan L. Falsetta, Hsing-Ju Wu, Odile B. Harrison, Kate L. Fox, Kate L. Seib, Tina L. Maguire, Andrew H.-J. Wang, Martin C. Maiden, Sean M. Grimmond, Michael A. Apicella, Michael P. Jennings

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000400

Association of Progressive CD4⁺ T Cell Decline in SIV Infection with the Induction of Autoreactive Antibodies

Takeo Kuwata, Yoshiaki Nishimura, Sonya Whitted, Ilnour Ourmanov, Charles R. Brown, Que Dang, Alicia Buckler-White, Ranjini Iyengar, Jason M. Brenchley, Vanessa M. Hirsch

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000372

Soluble CD4 and CD4-Mimetic Compounds Inhibit HIV-1 Infection by Induction of a Short-Lived Activated State

Hillel Haim, Zhihai Si, Navid Madani, Liping Wang, Joel R. Courter, Amy Princiotto, Aemro Kassa, Marciella DeGrace, Kathleen McGee-Estrada, Megan Mefford, Dana Gabuzda, Amos B. Smith III, Joseph Sodroski

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000360

Effective but Costly, Evolved Mechanisms of Defense against a Virulent Opportunistic Pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster

Yixin H. Ye, Stephen F. Chenoweth, Elizabeth A. McGraw

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000385

Caspase-7 Activation by the Nlrc4/Ipaf Inflammasome Restricts Legionella pneumophila Infection

Anwari Akhter, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Laura Frantz, Songcerae Washington, Cameron Ditty, Dominique Limoli, Colby Day, Anasuya Sarkar, Christie Newland, Jonathan Butchar, Clay B. Marsh, Mark D. Wewers, Susheela Tridandapani, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Amal O. Amer

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000361

Attachment and Entry of Chlamydia Have Distinct Requirements for Host Protein Disulfide Isomerase

Stephanie Abromaitis, Richard S. Stephens

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000357

Long-Distance Delivery of Bacterial Virulence Factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Vesicles

Jennifer M. Bomberger, Daniel P. MacEachran, Bonita A. Coutermarsh, Siying Ye, George A. O'Toole, Bruce A. Stanton

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000382

Early Onset Prion Disease from Octarepeat Expansion Correlates with Copper Binding Properties

Daniel J. Stevens, Eric D. Walter, Abel Rodríguez, David Draper, Paul Davies, David R. Brown, Glenn L. Millhauser

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000390

Host-Species Transferrin Receptor 1 Orthologs Are Cellular Receptors for Nonpathogenic New World Clade B Arenaviruses

Jonathan Abraham, Jo Ann Kwong, César G. Albariño, Jiajie G. Lu, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Michael Farzan, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Hyeryun Choe

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000358

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Enters Cells through Vesicles Incompletely Coated with Clathrin That Depend upon Actin for Internalization

David K. Cureton, Ramiro H. Massol, Saveez Saffarian, Tomas L. Kirchhausen, Sean P. J. Whelan

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000394

Arginase-1–Expressing Macrophages Suppress Th2 Cytokine–Driven Inflammation and Fibrosis

John T. Pesce, Thirumalai R. Ramalingam, Margaret M. Mentink-Kane, Mark S. Wilson, Karim C. El Kasmi, Amber M. Smith, Robert W. Thompson, Allen W. Cheever, Peter J. Murray, Thomas A. Wynn

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000371

MAPK ERK Signaling Regulates the TGF-β1-Dependent Mosquito Response to Plasmodium falciparum

Win Surachetpong, Naresh Singh, Kong Wai Cheung, Shirley Luckhart

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000366

High Throughput Functional Assays of the Variant Antigen PfEMP1 Reveal a Single Domain in the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum Genome that Binds ICAM1 with High Affinity and Is Targeted by Naturally Acquired Neutralizing Antibodies

Andrew V. Oleinikov, Emily Amos, Isaac Tyler Frye, Eddie Rossnagle, Theonest K. Mutabingwa, Michal Fried, Patrick E. Duffy

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000386

Mycobacteria Attenuate Nociceptive Responses by Formyl Peptide Receptor Triggered Opioid Peptide Release from Neutrophils

Heike L. Rittner, Dagmar Hackel, Philipp Voigt, Shaaban Mousa, Andrea Stolz, Dominika Labuz, Michael Schäfer, Michael Schaefer, Christoph Stein, Alexander Brack

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000362

A Novel Pathogenicity Gene Is Required in the Rice Blast Fungus to Suppress the Basal Defenses of the Host

Myoung-Hwan Chi, Sook-Young Park, Soonok Kim, Yong-Hwan Lee

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000401

Pre-Micro RNA Signatures Delineate Stages of Endothelial Cell Transformation in Kaposi Sarcoma

Andrea J. O'Hara, Pauline Chugh, Ling Wang, Eduardo M. Netto, Estrella Luz, William J. Harrington Jr., Bruce J. Dezube, Blossom Damania, Dirk P. Dittmer

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000389

Mechanism of Genomic Instability in Cells Infected with the High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses

Meelis Kadaja, Helen Isok-Paas, Triin Laos, Ene Ustav, Mart Ustav

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000397

A Herpesvirus Encoded Deubiquitinase Is a Novel Neuroinvasive Determinant

Joy I. Lee, Patricia J. Sollars, Scott B. Baver, Gary E. Pickard, Mindy Leelawong, Gregory A. Smith

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000387

A Critical Role for CD8 T Cells in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis

Crystal Y. Chen, Dan Huang, Richard C. Wang, Ling Shen, Gucheng Zeng, Shuyun Yao, Yun Shen, Lisa Halliday, Jeff Fortman, Milton McAllister, Jim Estep, Robert Hunt, Daphne Vasconcelos, George Du, Steven A. Porcelli, Michelle H. Larsen, William R. Jacobs Jr., Barton F. Haynes, Norman L. Letvin, Zheng W. Chen

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000392

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs IL-8 Expression in Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of Histone H3 Modification

Benoit Raymond, Eric Batsche, Florence Boutillon, Yong-Zheng Wu, Dominique Leduc, Viviane Balloy, Eloïse Raoust, Christian Muchardt, Pierre L. Goossens, Lhousseine Touqui

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000359

Elite Suppressor–Derived HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Exhibit Reduced Entry Efficiency and Kinetics

Kara G. Lassen, Michael A. Lobritz, Justin R. Bailey, Samantha Johnston, Sandra Nguyen, Benhur Lee, Tom Chou, Robert F. Siliciano, Martin Markowitz, Eric J. Arts

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000377

Variable Fitness Impact of HIV-1 Escape Mutations to Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Response

Ryan M. Troyer, John McNevin, Yi Liu, Shao Chong Zhang, Randall W. Krizan, Awet Abraha, Denis M. Tebit, Hong Zhao, Santiago Avila, Michael A. Lobritz, M. Juliana McElrath, Sylvie Le Gall, James I. Mullins, Eric J. Arts

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000365

Complexity of the Inoculum Determines the Rate of Reversion of SIV Gag CD8 T Cell Mutant Virus and Outcome of Infection

Liyen Loh, Jeanette C. Reece, Caroline S. Fernandez, Sheilajen Alcantara, Robert Center, Jane Howard, Damian F. J. Purcell, Mehala Balamurali, Janka Petravic, Miles P. Davenport, Stephen J. Kent

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000378

Likely Role of APOBEC3G-Mediated G-to-A Mutations in HIV-1 Evolution and Drug Resistance

Patric Jern, Rebecca A. Russell, Vinay K. Pathak, John M. Coffin

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000367

Compartmentalized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Originates from Long-Lived Cells in Some Subjects with HIV-1–Associated Dementia

Gretja Schnell, Serena Spudich, Patrick Harrington, Richard W. Price, Ronald Swanstrom

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000395

Accurate Prediction of Secreted Substrates and Identification of a Conserved Putative Secretion Signal for Type III Secretion Systems

Ram Samudrala, Fred Heffron, Jason E. McDermott

PLOS Pathogens: published April 24, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000375

Deletions in the Repertoire of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Type III Secretion Effector Genes Reveal Functional Overlap among Effectors

Brian H. Kvitko, Duck Hwan Park, André C. Velásquez, Chia-Fong Wei, Alistair B. Russell, Gregory B. Martin, David J. Schneider, Alan Collmer

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000388

Evidence for Metabolic Provisioning by a Common Invertebrate Endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, during Periods of Nutritional Stress

Jeremy C. Brownlie, Bodil N. Cass, Markus Riegler, Joris J. Witsenburg, Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Elizabeth A. McGraw, Scott L. O'Neill

PLOS Pathogens: published April 3, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000368

Morphogenesis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infective Larvae Requires the DAF-16 Ortholog FKTF-1

Michelle L. Castelletto, Holman C. Massey Jr., James B. Lok

PLOS Pathogens: published April 10, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000370

Retnla (Relmα/Fizz1) Suppresses Helminth-Induced Th2-Type Immunity

John T. Pesce, Thirumalai R. Ramalingam, Mark S. Wilson, Margaret M. Mentink-Kane, Robert W. Thompson, Allen W. Cheever, Joseph F. Urban Jr., Thomas A. Wynn

PLOS Pathogens: published April 17, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000393

Cover

Arginase-1-expressing macrophages function as suppressor cells during helminth infection.

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