Macrophage origin limits functional plasticity in helminth-bacterial co-infection
Fig 1
H. polygyrus derived peritoneal MΦ can be re-polarized to express NOS2 in vitro.
(A) In vitro stimulation of whole PEC isolated 14 days after H. polygyrus infection and stimulated with rIL-4 (IL-4), LPS (LPS) or without additional stimulus (med) for 24h. Thioglycollate-elicited MΦ were used as control. Expression of intracellular NOS2 and Relm-α in CD115+CD11b+ MΦ measured by flowcytometry. (B) As A using whole PEC isolated from S. enterica ser. Typhimurium (SL3261) infected animals 14 days after infection. (C) Representative dot plots of NOS2 expression versus Relm-α expression in MΦ (CD11b+CD115+) isolated in A. (D) Quantification of the data depicted in C representing NOS2 expression in Relm-α positive (blue) or negative (green) MΦ from H. polygyrus infected animals. Bars depict mean and SEM of 4–5 animals per group. One representative experiment of three depicted. **: p<0.01, ***; p<0.001; n.s.: not significant.