Replication of an Autonomous Human Parvovirus in Non-dividing Human Airway Epithelium Is Facilitated through the DNA Damage and Repair Pathways
Fig 4
An ATR-specific inhibitor decreases HBoV1 infection of HAE-ALI.
At two days prior to infection, HAE-ALI cultures were treated with AZ20 at 20 μM from the basolateral side. The treated cultures were then infected with HBoV1. (A) Quantification of apical virus release. At the indicated dpi, the apical washes were quantified for HBoV1 genome copies by qPCR (Y-axis) and plotted to the dpi as shown. Means and standard deviations (n = 3) are shown. (B) TEER measurement. At the indicated dpi, the TEER of infected HAE-ALI cultures, as indicated, was measured. Means and standard deviations (n = 3) are shown. (C) IF analysis. At 23 dpi, the ALI membrane of the infected HAE-ALI cultures were stained with anti-β-tubulin IV or with anti-ZO-1, as indicated. The stained membranes were visualized for β-tubulin IV/ZO-1 (green) expression by confocal microscopy at a magnification of × 40. (D) Analysis of phosphorylated ATR. At 23 dpi, equivalent cells of the infected HAE-ALI cultures were analyzed by Western blot for expression of p-ATR and β-actin, respectively.