Prevention of Influenza Virus-Induced Immunopathology by TGF-β Produced during Allergic Asthma
Fig 6
TGF-β mediates increased resistance in asthmatic mice.
(A) TGF-β1 levels in BALF of noninfluenza-infected asthmatic mice (4 mice/group) were determined by ELISA. The dotted line represents background TGF-β1 levels in BALF of non-asthmatic mice. (B) TGF-β1 levels in BALF after CA04 infection were determined by Luminex (3–4 mice/group). (C) Cell surface expression of LAP was measured on day 7 after the last OVA inoculation (4 mice/group). (D and E) Asthmatic mice (5–8 mice/group) infected at different time points after the last OVA treatment were monitored for survival (D) and weight loss (E). (F and G) Survival of TβRIIf/f-Cre and control mice were monitored for survival after infection of either 2x103 PFU (F) or 50 PFU (G) of CA04 (4–8 mice/group). (H and I) Total protein levels (H) and viral burdens (I) in BALF were measured on day 3 post-infection (6 mice/group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.